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International Journal of Communication 13(2019) Extreme Speech in Myanmar 3217 Cohen-Almagor, R. (2015). Confronting the Internet’s dark side: Moral and social responsibility on the free highway. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Department of Population. (2016). Religion presentation – census report. Retrieved from http://www.dop.gov.mm/sites/dop.gov.mm/files/publication_docs/religion_presentation__census_report_volume_18-07-2016.pdf Emergency meeting after killings of civilians in Maungtaw. (2017, August 5). Global New Light of Myanmar. Retrieved from http://www.globalnewlightofmyanmar.com/emergency-meeting-after-killings-ofcivilians-in-maungtaw/ EU lifts sanctions against Burma. (2013, April 22). BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/worldasia-22254493 Extremist terrorism on the rise! (2017, August 28). Global New Light of Myanmar. Retrieved from http://www.globalnewlightofmyanmar.com/extremist-terrorism-on-the-rise/ Farrelly, N., & Chit Win. (2016). Inside Myanmar’s turbulent transformation. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 3(1), 38‒47. Fink, C. (2001). Living silence: Burma under military rule. London, UK: Zed Books. Fisher, J. (2015, October 8). Myanmar’s Ma Ba Tha monks flex their political muscle. BBC. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34463455 Freedom House. (2007). Burma. Retrieved from https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedompress/2007/burma Freedom House. (2008). Burma. Retrieved from https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedompress/2008/burma Gagliardone, I., Gal, D., Alves, T., & Martinez, G. (2015). Countering online hate speech. Paris, France: UNESCO. Global New Light of Myanmar. (2018a). In Facebook [Company page]. Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/TheGNLM/ Global New Light of Myanmar. (2018b). Global New Light of Myanmar [Web archive]. Retrieved from http://www.moi.gov.mm/npe/nlm/ Gowan, A. (2014, November 22). Cellphone use transforms Burmese life after government opens mobile market. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/ new-private-companies-spark-mobile-phone-revolutionin-once-isolatedburma/2014/11/21/eb4479c2-6c41-11e4-bafd-6598192a448d_story.html

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Extreme Speech in Myanmar: The Role of State Media in the Rohingya Forced Migration Crisis

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English

Topic

Hate Speech
Rohingya Crisis

Author(s)

Ronan Lee

Date Published: Jul 24, 2018

Abstract: This article considers the role of the state authorities in perpetrating extreme speech and the processes by which state power is used in normalizing hateful expressions against minoritized communities. Drawing attention to Myanmar’s 2017 Rohingya crisis, a human rights and humanitarian catastrophe, the article examines how the state media publication, the Global New Light of Myanmar newspaper, has actively produced antiRohingya speech in its editions and influenced violent narratives about the Rohingya Muslims circulating on social media. It shows how official media contributed to a political environment where anti-Rohingya speech was made acceptable and where rights abuses against the group were excused. While regulators often consider the role of social media platforms like Facebook as conduits for the spread of extreme speech, this case study shows that extreme speech by state actors using state media ought to be similarly considered a major concern for scholarship and policy.

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Extreme Speech in Myanmar: The Role of State Media in the Rohingya Forced Migration Crisis

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