made to increase the company’s Twitter following, was for a sum of approximately $175,000
(Kao and Li, 2020). Some of these companies often approach established influencers with
relatively large followings and offer them money in exchange for posting content.
Compensation for individual influencers varies according to the size of their following, and
potentially, also their geography. Evidence shows that some users were offered between $60
to $360 per post for sharing a photo or video. One Chinese-Australian artist with a Twitter
following of seventy thousand was offered $240 to post a fifteen-second clip showing the
Chinese government defeated the pandemic (Ibid).
Other evidence suggests that the Chinese government has launched a new project with a
contract worth $1 million to operate and help grow its overseas social media accounts (Quartz
Staff, 2019). The Cyberspace Administration of China asked that the team be comprised of at
least six people who could “tell China’s stories with multiple angles, express China’s voice,
and get overseas audience recognition and support for Xi Jinping thought.” This is thought to
be part of a wider approach to China’s public diplomacy to “tell China’s story well” mentioned
in a speech by president Xi Jinping in 2013. This wider strategy is focused on using China’s
own communication channels to promote official Chinese views and opinions and to strengthen
China’s international influence (Huang & Wang, 2019).
The contract between the China News Service and the winning bidder OneSight asked for more
specific goals, including increasing Twitter followers by 580,000 within six months, and that
at least 8% of these followers need to come from North America, Australia, and New Zealand.
China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs put out a similar project for 3.38 million yuan ($480,000)
on 21June 2019, five days after two million Hong Kong protestors called for full withdrawal
of the extradition bill and for an inquiry into allegations of police brutality. The newspaper
Global Times was found to win the contract (Ibid).
Analysts at the US-based cybersecurity firm FireEye have alleged that the Chinese government
divides the focus of its various cyber units based on their skill level. Thus, those focused on
Hong Kong and Taiwan, places of specific and immediate interest for China, are the highest
skilled operatives. Operatives considered to be “more persistent than skilled” worked in units
that focused on Southeast Asia and other regions, which are relatively less crucial for Chinese
interests (Magnier, 2020). China’s 50-cent army reportedly numbers between 500,000 and 2
million (King et al., 2017).
Table 3: Cyber Troop Capacity in China
Team Size
Resources Spent (USD)
Activity Levels
Around six
175,000$ to increase
employees for Government news agency
the CAC
“China News Service”
project to boost Twitter followers.
China social
Between 60-360$ paid to
media presence influencers per post,
abroad. At least “50-cent army” paid workers
500,000
receive 0.70 $ per post
members of the $ 1 million contract to boost
“50-cent
China social media presence
army”.
and influence abroad
76
Coordination Capacity
Measure
900 core accounts working Permanent
on the Hong Kong protests
and over 200,000
automated accounts,
Information from 2009
estimated around 500,000
workers in the “50-cent
army” that produce around
488,000000 posts a year.
High