Organizational Capacity and Resources The buzzer ecosystem involves a significant amount of money, especially around the campaign season. One buzzer team leader, whose team worked for the Widodo campaign (with no known formal connection, however), stated that his team’s price for a “complete package”, which includes research, posts, and videos, costs USD $14,000 a month. A salary of a member of that team may vary between USD $65 and over USD $3,000 per project, typically depending on the reach of his accounts (Potkin & Da Costa, 2019). ABC claims to be aware of political parties offering buzzers USD $500 for sharing a single post (Lipson, 2018). On another team, operating in the 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial elections, team members were paid approximately USD $280 a month to post up to 120 posts a day through multiple accounts. Alternatively, campaign coordinators also approach people with influential accounts, unrelated to any organized propaganda effort, and “buy” tweets from them for up to USD $1,400 per tweet, or offer a monthly salary (Lamb, 2018a). For example, Denny Siregar, a famous author and political commentator said that he was offered USD $1,000 a month to become a buzzer himself, when he had 625,000 followers on Facebook and over 560,000 on Twitter (Ibid). Information about the average size and capacity of individual buzzer teams varies, but ballpark estimations could be made with the available data. As such, it seems that an average buzzer group has approximately 15-20 members who each operate multiple social media accounts (Potkin & Da Costa, 2019; Lamb, 2018a). In terms of capacity, one buzzer team member reported that his group of 20 members can promote a particular message over 2,400 times a day (Lamb, 2018a). Unlike buzzer teams, the size of volunteer groups varies quite significantly. While groups like the MCA are hard to quantify, campaign officials occasionally reveal the number of volunteer groups in order to discredit allegations of hiring buzzer teams. As such, Prabowo’s official group of “digital volunteers” added up to at least 10,000 members, as per his Digital Team Coordinator (Potkin & Da Costa, 2019). Similarly, the pro-Prabowo volunteer group Pride allegedly has 12,000 members (Renaldi, 2018). Table 3: Cyber Troop Capacity in Indonesia Team Size Resources Spent (USD) Average buzzer group- 15-20 employees, Prabowo Pride volunteer group over 12000 members, Buzzer salary – 65$-3000$ per project, Buzzer team price per month – 15,000$ 280 $ a month for 120 posts a day, One influencer tweet – 1400$, InsightID campaign – 300,000$ Activity Levels Coordination Capacity Measure One buzzer group capable of promoting a message 2400 times a day Source: Authors’ evaluations based on data collected. Blank spaces indicate no evidence was found. The Indonesian government has restricted internet access for citizens on several occasions. In some regions since 2018, internet shutdowns became a pre-planned occurrence implemented during large religious festivities, such as Nyepi. Also known as the Hindu Day of Silence, Nyepi is widely celebrated in the Hindu-majority island of Bali, where the internet was shut down for 24 hours after a request by the authorities (Lamb, 2018c). 191