Table 3: Cyber Troop Capacity in Eritrea Team Size Resources Spent Activity Levels (USD) Permanent Coordination Capacity Measure Training/coordinated Medium Source: Authors’ evaluations based on data collected. Blank spaces indicate no evidence was found. Inspired by the Arab Spring, opposition groups have started to form in Eritrea as well, and as much as possible they try to organise and share their experiences through Facebook and YouTube. However, next to the low internet penetration rates in Eritrea, low literacy levels make written communication and organisation complicated. For now, Eritreans have failed to have their voices heard though occasional whistle-blowers have reached a wider international audience online, and local activists are not giving up hoping to keep up their fight for more freedom through online means (Carnegie Ethics Online Monthly Column, 2016). References Africa Internet User Stats | Eritrea. (2020). https://www.internetworldstats.com/africa.htm#er Awate. (2019, August 2). PFDJ Troll Alliance: Facebook Removes Saudi-UAE-Egypt Accounts. Awate.Com. http://awate.com/pfdj-troll-alliance-facebook-removes-saudi-uaeegypt-accounts/ Awate. (2020, April 23). David Copperfield, Isaias, and Dahlan. Awate.Com. http://awate.com/david-copperfield-isaias-dahlan/ Carnegie Ethics Online Monthly Column. (2016, December 30). Eritrea: An Exiled Nation Suspended in Liminal Space through Social Media. Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs. https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/publications/ethics_online/0125 CPJ. (n.d.). 10 Most Censored Countries. Committee to Protect Journalists. Retrieved July 5, 2020, from https://cpj.org/reports/2019/09/10-most-censored-eritrea-north-koreaturkmenistan-journalist/ Eritrea unleashes its troll patrol. (2015, August 23). The Mail & Guardian. https://mg.co.za/article/2015-08-23-eritrea-unleashes-its-troll-patrol/ Freedom House. (2019). Freedom House | Eritrea. https://freedomhouse.org/country/eritrea/freedom-world/2019 Gedab News. (2018, December 27). Ethio-Eritrean Border: Haphazardly Opened Erratically Closed. Awate.Com. http://awate.com/ethio-eritrean-border-haphazardly-openederratically-closed/ Harnet, A. (2016, October 6). Eritrea: Regime orders internet service providers to keep detailed ... [AIM] Asmarino Independent Media. https://asmarino.com/news/4808-eritrearegime-orders-internet-service-providers-to-keep-detailed-records-of-their-customers Katlic, T. (2014, August 1). Understanding Eritrea’s Exceptionally Limited Internet Access. ICTworks.Org. https://www.ictworks.org/understanding-eritreas-exceptionally-limitedinternet-access/ Shearlaw, M. (2015, August 18). From online trolling to death threats – the war to defend Eritrea’s reputation. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/18/eritrea-death-threats-tolls-unitednations-social-media Winter, C. (2014, June 27). Eritrea’s Communications Disconnect. Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-06-26/eritrea-worlds-least-connectedcountry-tech-wise 134