Freedom of Expression During Myanmar’s Revolution: The Gap Between Legal Provisions and Practice does it provide clear definitions of how freedom of expression is to be protected. While such generic statements may convey a positive political image, they present a legal weakness that allows authorities to interpret the way they prefer. Therefore, international standards are mentioned only for inclusion. 5.2.2 Restriction of Freedom of Expression Based on Security Justifications Since 2023, the Karenni State has shifted from the interim government toward serving more practical administrative duties. When the administrative and security pressures intensified, measures such as restricting access to information and prohibiting journalists from gathering news began to emerge. These controls have been particularly happened after the military regime committed an airstrike and intensified military activities. During such times, people’s rights to access information and freedom of expression have been controlled. One example is the prohibition on using Starlink internet services. A Karenni-based journalist interviewed by Athan shared his experience: “There are limits on when and how long Starlink can be used. Certain restrictions are imposed mainly for security reasons. For example, on the ground, we have directives telling shops not to operate and people not to use the internet after 10 p.m. In some areas that have experienced frequent airstrikes, there have also been cases where internet access was cut off.” A Karenni-based journalist interviewed by Athan shared his experience: “There are limits on when and how long Starlink can be used. Certain restrictions are imposed mainly for security reasons. For example, on the ground, we have directives telling shops not to operate and people not to use the internet after 10 p.m. In some areas that have experienced frequent airstrikes, there have also been cases where internet access was cut off.”14 Based on this account, such restrictions amount to limiting the public’s right of access to information on the basis of security justifications. 14 A journalist from Karenni State 19

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