packages can reduce that to $0.17 per 1 GB whereas in Myanmar the cheapest package is $0.65, see “Worldwide mobile data pricing: The cost of 1GB of mobile data in 230 countries,” Cable, [n.d.], https://www.cable.co.uk/mobiles/worldwide-data-pricing/. 29 The average broadband cost has dropped in Yangon from $72.31 per month in 2017 to $36.82 in 2020, see “Compare our best broadband deals,” Cable, [n.d.], https://www.cable.co.uk/broadband/deals/worldwide-price-comparison/#regions. 30 “Realising Digital Myanmar,” Telenor, February 2018, https://www.telenor.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Telenor-Realising-Digital-MyanmarReport-06-February.pdf. 31 Thiha Ko Ko, “Govt draft roadmap to develop and support digital economy in Myanmar,” Myanmar Times, March 14, 2019, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/govt-draft-roadmap-develop-and-support-digital-economy-myanmar.html; “Myanmar Digital Economy Roadmap,” Digital Economy Development Committee, February 2019, https://myanmar.gov.mm/documents/20143/9096339/2019-0207+DEDC+RoadMap+for+Websites.pdf/. 32 President Office of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, “Vice President U Henry Van Thio discusses digital economy development,” January 12, 2019, http://www.president-office.gov.mm/en/?q=briefing-room/news/2019/01/12/id-9234. 33 Digital Economy Development Committee – DEDC, @dedc.myanmar, https://www.facebook.com/dedc.myanmar/. 34 5.6GB as compared to 1.2GB, see “Realising Digital Myanmar,” Telenor, February 2018, https://www.telenor.com/wpcontent/uploads/2018/02/Telenor-Realising-Digital-Myanmar-Report-06-February.pdf. 35 The percentage of households with a computer was 13.64 percent in 2017, 11 percent in 2016, compared to 37.8 percent on average for the Asia Pacific region. The percentage of households with internet access was 24.38 percent in 2017, 20 percent in 2016, compared to an average of 45.5 percent for the Asia Pacific region, see “ICT Development Index 2017 – Myanmar,” International Telecommunications Union (ITU), [n.d.], http://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2017/index.html#idi2017economycard-tab&MMR. 36 Aung Kyaw Nyunt, “Government to collect tax to fund telecoms in rural areas,” Myanmar Times, April 24, 2018, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/government-collect-tax-fund-telecoms-rural-areas.html. 37 Aung Kyaw Nyunt, “Government to collect tax to fund telecoms in rural areas,” Myanmar Times, April 24, 2018, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/government-collect-tax-fund-telecoms-rural-areas.html. 38 Thompson Chau, “Myanmar diverts special telecoms fund to biometrics database,” Myanmar Times, June 11, 2020, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-diverts-special-telecoms-fund-biometrics-database.html. 39 ၂၀၁၉ ခ42စ E ် တွင ် အမျိDးသမီးများသည် လက်ကိ4င ်ဖ4နး် ပိ4င ်ဆိ4င2 ် င ိ4 ရ ် န် အမျိDးသားများထက် ၁၅ ရာခိ4င2 ် န / း် နည်းပါးေနသည်။ Only 35 percent of women had used the internet on their mobile phone, see “The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2019,” Mobile for Development, GSM Association, February 20, 2019, https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/resources/mobile-gender-gap-report-2019/; Htet Shine, “Key findings: Myanmar Living Conditions Survey 2017,” Myanmar Times, July 5, 2018, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/key-findings-myanmar-living-conditions-survey-2017.html; Katie Bartholomew and Rebecca Calder, “Myanmar Landscaping Report,” Kantar Public Myanmar and SPRING Accelerator, October 2018, https://www.springaccelerator.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Myanmar-girl-landscaping-report-FINAL-2-October-2018.pdf. 40 “The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2019,” Mobile for Development, GSM Association, February 20, 2019, https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/resources/mobile-gender-gap-report-2019/. 41 The average cost of data in Myanmar is comparatively low however when compared to other countries on the cheapest data packages available Myanmar is comparatively expensive. For example, the average cost of 1 GB is $1.49 in Cambodia and $0.87 in Myanmar, but in Cambodia data packages can reduce that to $0.17 per 1 GB whereas in Myanmar the cheapest package is $0.65, see “Worldwide mobile data pricing: The cost of 1GB of mobile data in 230 countries,” Cable, [n.d.], https://www.cable.co.uk/mobiles/worldwide-data-pricing/. 42 The average broadband cost has dropped in Yangon from $72.31 per month in 2017 to $36.82 in 2020, see “Compare our best broadband deals,” Cable, [n.d.], https://www.cable.co.uk/broadband/deals/worldwide-price-comparison/#regions. 43 “Realising Digital Myanmar,” Telenor, February 2018, https://www.telenor.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Telenor-Realising-Digital-MyanmarReport-06-February.pdf. 44 Thiha Ko Ko, “Govt draft roadmap to develop and support digital economy in Myanmar,” Myanmar Times, March 14, 2019, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/govt-draft-roadmap-develop-and-support-digital-economy-myanmar.html; “Myanmar Digital Economy Roadmap,” Digital Economy Development Committee, February 2019, https://myanmar.gov.mm/documents/20143/9096339/2019-0207+DEDC+RoadMap+for+Websites.pdf/. 45 President Office of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, “Vice President U Henry Van Thio discusses digital economy development,” January 12, 2019, http://www.president-office.gov.mm/en/?q=briefing-room/news/2019/01/12/id-9234. 46 Digital Economy Development Committee – DEDC, @dedc.myanmar, https://www.facebook.com/dedc.myanmar/. 47 5.6GB as compared to 1.2GB, see “Realising Digital Myanmar,” Telenor, February 2018, https://www.telenor.com/wpcontent/uploads/2018/02/Telenor-Realising-Digital-Myanmar-Report-06-February.pdf. 48 The percentage of households with a computer was 13.64 percent in 2017, 11 percent in 2016, compared to 37.8 percent on average for the Asia Pacific region. The percentage of households with internet access was 24.38 percent in 2017, 20 percent in 2016, compared to an average of 45.5 percent for the Asia Pacific region, see “ICT Development Index 2017 – Myanmar,” International Telecommunications Union (ITU), [n.d.], http://www.itu.int/net4/ITU-D/idi/2017/index.html#idi2017economycard-tab&MMR. 49 Aung Kyaw Nyunt, “Government to collect tax to fund telecoms in rural areas,” Myanmar Times, April 24, 2018, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/government-collect-tax-fund-telecoms-rural-areas.html. 50 Aung Kyaw Nyunt, “Government to collect tax to fund telecoms in rural areas,” Myanmar Times, April 24, 2018, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/government-collect-tax-fund-telecoms-rural-areas.html. 51 Thompson Chau, “Myanmar diverts special telecoms fund to biometrics database,” Myanmar Times, June 11, 2020, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-diverts-special-telecoms-fund-biometrics-database.html. 52 In 2019, women were 15 percent less likely than men to own a mobile phone. Only 35 percent of women had used the internet on their mobile phone, see “The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2019,” Mobile for Development, GSM Association, February 20, 2019, https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/resources/mobile-gender-gap-report-2019/; Htet Shine, “Key findings: Myanmar Living Conditions Survey 2017,” Myanmar Times, July 5, 2018, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/key-findings-myanmar-living-conditions-survey-2017.html; Katie Bartholomew and Rebecca Calder, “Myanmar Landscaping Report,” Kantar Public Myanmar and SPRING Accelerator, October 2018, https://www.springaccelerator.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Myanmar-girl-landscaping-report-FINAL-2-October-2018.pdf. 53 “The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2019,” Mobile for Development, GSM Association, February 20, 2019, https://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/resources/mobile-gender-gap-report-2019/. 54 An online campaign was started to monitor and track the shutdown, see Facebook account: အင်တာနက်ြဖတ်ေတာက်မ/ ရပ်, @StopInternetShutDownMM, https://www.facebook.com/StopInternetShutDownMM/; “Myanmar: Internet Shutdown Risks Lives,” Human Rights Watch, June 28, 2019, https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/06/28/myanmar-internet-shutdown-risks-lives; Thompson Chau, “Protesters demand end to internet blackout in Rakhine,” Myanmar Times, December 25, 2019, https://www.mmtimes.com/news/protesters-demand-end-internet-blackoutrakhine.html Free Expression Myanmar (FEM) and Freedom House - Freedom of the Net: Myanmar - အင်တာနက်ေပ*တွင် လွတ်လပ်မ/ - ြမန်မာ2ိ4င်ငံ - Page 46