Final Report Chapter 5 Mid-Term Development Plan (2) Consolidation Program Coping with the demand expected to expand very quickly, i, e, the demand for broadband, the access networks should be effective to expand by means of the optical fiber cables (FTTx), FWA (Fixed Wireless Access), LTE (Long Term Evolution), and so on. For examples, FTTx is applied to Government, public organizations, financial organs, which need broad area communications, commercial areas, shopping areas, large-scale shopping areas, densely built housing areas. The FWA and LTE apply to individual persons, and small-scale enterprises. The metallic cables (used as existing lines in the cities so far) will be maintained as it is and will be utilized for fixed telephones and for the ADLS services. Using for the wider areas, organs of Government, public organizations, monitory organizations, i.e., that require important and wider area communications are given the preference and expansion of areas will increase number of access circuits by means of introducing FWA and/or LTE. Expansion of capacity is an urgent subject in the large city areas. In the areas of villages under the middle class of towns, such a large amount of traffics as seen in a large city areas won’t happen, no metro-networks won’t be provided, and directly connected to the access networks. The average length of such access networks in such areas will become longer. Consequently, from now on, appropriate combination of optical fiber cable, IP microwave radio link, FWA, LTE and so on will become necessary to provide. For example, in cases where houses are found scarcely along the roads, use of the FWA communication system will be appropriate to cover such areas, and whereas houses in the villages are found as a cluster, it might be better to adopt the LTE system might be appropriate to adopt. For connecting these FWA and/or LTE with main core networks, the IP microwave radio link or the optical fiber cable system will be appropriate. In such areas, where the core networks are not available, the satellite communication is used at present, however, for such areas, the satellite communication system will be used continuously, for the time being. However, according to development of the core and access networks to cover such rural areas, it is necessary to expand the capacity and to improve the quality. In this case, the existing satellite communication facilities should be maintained and this will enhance the reliability of communication thereby preventing the isolation of the rural areas. 5.2.6 International Communication Network The international communications of Myanmar are provided through communication satellite, submarine cables and terrestrial fiber optic cable systems at present. (1) Present Statuses of Communication Satellites International communications in Myanmar started at the communication satellite. In 1979, “Standard B” earth station (NXE-20 made in NEC) was built at Yangon, then in 1994, “Standard A” earth station (Satellite to access is Intelsat IX) was completed and then no. of circuits to be used was expanded in 1996. In August in 2000 the international circuits (International Gateway) were expanded with 14 countries (mainly various countries in Asia, Australia, Middle East, several countries in Europe) through EWSD made in Siemens). Capacity of these international circuits corresponds to 900 in digital voices, thus expanded to 2,940 channels. It is noted that in 2006, 5-16