6 Policy Brief No. 22 Toda Peace Institute/Alliance for Peacebuilding on Facebook. (Collins and Frenkel 2018) Researchers found that simply encouraging people to question whether a news story is true or false makes them less likely to share a news story that they suspect might be fake in the future. (Pennycook and Rand 2018) One option is to design a social media alert to let users know that they are experiencing a narrow view or unsubstantiated information. (Bail 2018) G. Advocate for Government Regulation As with any industry, consumers can press governments for consumer protections so that social media corporations are held accountable for public harms. The European Union actively regulates social media corporations recognizing the vast effects they have on social and political goods. In August 2018, US Senator Mark Warner released a white paper entitled “Potential Policy Proposals for Social Media and Technology Firms” with a menu of regulation and policy options including identifying false information, offering government support for media literacy, and protecting information. The white paper states, “The size and reach of these [social media] platforms demand that we ensure proper oversight, transparency and effective management of technologies that in large measure undergird our social lives, our economy, and our politics.” (Warner 2018) There are a range of proposals and examples, including • • • • • Treating social media companies as “information fiduciaries” and as such need regulation to protect and care for the public’s access to accurate information. (Balkin 2016) Developing "public interest curators" with "civic-purpose algorithms" including the integrity, reputation, location, and inclusion of those producing the data. (Kelly 2016) Designing social media platforms so that the sources of political information posted on social media are transparent and accountable for its accuracy. (Center for Humane Technology 2018) Regulating social media to ensure there are greater privacy controls, such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") Requiring social media platforms to take the legal responsibility for removing extremist content. in Europe, for example, social media platforms must remove terrorist content within one hour of its posting. (Counter Extremism Project 2018)