International standards define protest as: • Both individual or collective acts conducted anywhere and targeting any audience. • Organised with leaders, or spontaneous without leaders. • Containing verbal words, banners, pamphlets, or other forms of communication on any issue or cause. • Potentially shocking or annoying to some people, or temporarily disturbing, disruptive, or obstructive to some people. • Non-violent. The UDHR says “peaceful assembly” but this has since been defined as non-violent because the term “peaceful” is fairly vague and protests involve shouting and physical action.