CYBER THREAT ANALYSIS Facebook and Facebook-Owned Applications Reddit Active use of Facebook in Myanmar has significantly increased over recent years. In 2014, it was estimated that there were only 4.7 million active Facebook users in Myanmar, increasing to 20.2 million users in September 2018, 22.3 million users in January 2020, and 28.7 million users in January 2021 — a growth of almost 6 million users within the last year. This growth was likely spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has halted travel and led users globally to turn to social media platforms to keep in touch with friends and family. Instagram and Facebook Messenger had similar growth rates within the last year, with Instagram growing from 640,000 to 1.4 million users and Messenger increasing from 11.5 million to 26.9 million users. Other pro -democracy conversations have also spurred discussions on forums ,such as Reddit and( to a lesser extent) 4chan and8 chan ,where subreddits such as r/Myanmar and r/SaveMyanmar have been used to share articles on how to bypass censorship ,stay safe during riots ,and share videos and images of the ongoing protests to the rest of the world. Other items shared include things like Protesting Life Hacks, which contains 14 PDFs on topics ranging from how to deal with tear gas ,how to promote events ,first aid resources ,as well as PDFs detailing items such as the Anarchists Cookbook and how Egyptian activists organised during Arab Spring .Recently ,there was a post made in Burmese that detailed the Do’s and Don’ts of Reddit ,and how to stay safe on the platform ,since the post Hashtags have also been used by the protesters across author acknowledged that there was a large migration of users multiple forums and social media platforms to amplify awareness from traditional social media sites to other forums. of their cause. A sampling of these hashtags has been listed below: • #whatshappeninginmyanmar • #respectourvotes • #civildisobediancemovement • #freeourleader • #savemyanmar • #cybersecuritylawmm • #rejectmilitarycoup • #opmyanmar • #fightfordemocracy • #opccp • #stopmilitarycoup • #everythingwillbeok • #militarycoupinmyanmar • #[insertdate]coup (ex: #mar8coup) • #milkteaalliance Telegram and Discord An examination of Telegram showed a higher user rate, with an average of over 1,000 users per examined groups. Similarly to other platforms, the Telegram group was used to share videos and other daily content related to the protests as well as resources for those who were within the country and who wanted to join the protests. We found similar Reddit posts that detailed how users can set up Telegram to better anonymize themselves and coordinate protests. • #freeaungsansukyi Figure 4: Social media growth between January 2020 and January 2021 (Source: Napoleon Cat) www.recordedfuture.com | Recorded Future ® CTA-2021-0324 6

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