Such a historically worst situation under SAC’s various ways of repression on news media and journalists leads to breaching press freedom, thwarting journalism works to sustain, and endangering the safety and security of journalists. 1.2. An overview: Challenges Facing News Media and Journalists within 11 Months ‘The History of Journalism in Myanmar’ mentions that only seven newspapers survived numerous attacks on press freedom in 1972 even though there were up to 40 privately-owned newspapers before Ne Win’s coup in 1962. The history repeats on 1st February 2021, vanishing privately-owned newspapers and periodicals. More than a month after the coup, revoking media licenses, planning raids to media houses, and arresting journalists continued. The conditions headed not only to vanish weekly or monthly periodicals but also to shut down broadcasting and online media outlets. It impacts the worst impairment to both freedoms of information and press freedom for Myanmar’s media landscape. Arresting hundreds of journalists, assaulting them with mischiefs, pressing them to the court for felonies severely affect sustaining media agencies and journalism productions. With the increasing number of arrests of journalists and journalism-related careers, many journalists across the country cannot perform their functions and have been forced to flee from their residences and offices. Many news media and journalists find it a significant attack on their freedom, safety, and security. In addition to revoking media licenses, arresting journalists, facing trials from different prisons, experiencing thwarts and intimidations, fleeing from their working environments, and raiding and suppressing media agencies to courts have influenced shutting down the publications of printed media outlets and around 40 online news agencies. The circumstances to curb press freedom and violate the people’s right to information became a military tactic to oppress media agencies. In other words, it is also one of the disinformation acts by SAC. Added to their worst and violent repressions, SAC has continued various approaches: revoking media licenses, terminating broadcasting channels, torturing, arresting, and persecuting journalists, raiding, and ransacking media houses, applying criminal procedures and laws, and amending laws to counter journalists and media agencies. Other than amending laws to repress journalists and the media sector more than a month after the coup, SAC criminalized the journalists for severe punishment, ignoring News Media Law provisions. Some of the journalists have been facing trials under the Penal code and there have been 48 journalists arrested. Out of the arrested, most of the detained journalists followed judiciary procedures after transferring to police stations from the military interrogations where they suffered harsh torments and threats. Repeated Dark Age of News Media 3

Select target paragraph3