Women expressed the need to to conserve the limited family budget, even at the expense of their needs May explain the gender gaps, at least in part… “I plan to buy a mobile but we don’t have enough income. My wife says that I shouldn’t buy one. She is about to give birth so we need to save the money.” Male non-owner, 18-29, SEC D/E Pantanaw ‘Women also have to take care of the family. Instead of spending their money on phone charges, they have to use it for food.’ - Female non-owner, 36, SEC D, Yangon “At times [my husband] gives me money to buy a mobile phone. But I have to use it for school fees for my children. And what I want to get is a smart phone, which I can’t afford to buy yet.” -Female non-owner, Housewife, 28, Yangon Source: GSMA/LIRNEasia qualitative study (2016) 4