Myanmar’s objections and ruled that it has jurisdiction to continue proceedings in the case.334 In November 2019, the International Criminal Court (ICC)’s judges also authorized the ICC Prosecutor to open an investigation into crimes against humanity in relation to the 2017 “clearance operations”.335 Also in November 2019, a group of Rohingya survivors filed an international criminal case in Argentina under the principle of universal jurisdiction, alleging that genocide and crimes against humanity were perpetrated between 2012 and 2018 and accusing named military officials, including Senior-General Min Aung Hlaing.336 Alongside these criminal cases, Meta is the subject of at least three active complaints being led by Rohingya communities. Parallel civil legal proceedings were filed against Meta in December 2021 in both the United Kingdom and the United States, with the claimants seeking USD $150 billion in damages from the company.337 In its letter of notice to Meta, lawyers representing the claimants in the UK litigation specifically allege, inter alia, that Meta “used algorithms that amplified hate speech against the Rohingya people on the Facebook platform”.338 In addition to these court cases, groups of Rohingya youth activists located in Cox’s Bazar have organized amongst themselves in pursuit of a remedy from Meta in the form of funding for educational programmes in the refugee camps. The communities’ pursuit of a remedy from Meta began on 29 July 2020, when seven camp-based Rohingya youth groups wrote to Meta’s Director of Human Rights alleging that “Facebook had a large role to play in [the] violence” suffered by their community.339 The letter sought an update on actions which Meta promised to take following the publication of its HRIA for Myanmar, and made an initial request for Meta to engage with camp-based refugees regarding the possibility of remediation. Meta organized a call with the groups in response, and during the phone call, the groups requested that Meta provide remediation. They followed up with a proposal for Meta to fund a USD $1million education project.340 The proposal supported a pitch by a Bangladeshi academic institution to train a large number of Rohingya teachers on instructing children using the Myanmar curriculum and international materials. 341 Educational opportunities have long been denied to the Rohingya. Under conditions of apartheid in Rakhine State, Rohingya students have been prevented from attending university since 2012.342 The campaign of ethnic cleansing by the Myanmar military in 2017-2018, in which the authorities uprooted people by deliberately destroying their homes and belongings and forced them into exile, resulted in a host of human rights violations of economic and social rights, including the right to education, particularly for children. 343 Over half of all the refugees registered in the refugee camps in Bangladesh – among a total of approximately one million people – are children. They have been deprived of access to education in an accredited curriculum since they sought refuge in Bangladesh in 2017.344 Since December 2021, the community’s ICJ, Press Release No. 2022/24, “Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar)”, 22 July 2022, https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/178/178-20220722-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf 335 Human Rights Watch, “Developments in Gambia’s Case Against Myanmar at the International Court of Justice”, 14 February 2022, hrw.org/news/2022/02/14/developments-gambias-case-against-myanmar-international-court-justice#whatisthe 334 Burmese Rohingya Organization UK, Submission to the Federal Criminal Court of Argentina, available at: burmacampaign.org.uk/media/Complaint-File.pdf 336 Dan Milmo, “Rohingya sue Facebook for £150bn over Myanmar genocide”, 6 December 2021, theguardian.com/technology/2021/dec/06/rohingya-sue-facebook-myanmar-genocide-us-uk-legal-action-social-media-violence 337 338 McCue Jury and Partners, Letter of Notice, 6 December 2021, on file with Amnesty International. Victim Advocates International, “Rohingya victim groups ask Facebook to provide them support, following its role in the violence against them”, 10 July 2020, victimadvocatesinternational.org/letter-to-facebook-human-rights-head-miranda-sissons-from-rohingya-refugeegroups 339 340 Letter to Facebook, ‘Supporting higher education for Rohingya refugee youth’, 20 November 2020, on file with Amnesty International. 341 Letter to Facebook, ‘Supporting higher education for Rohingya refugee youth’, 20 November 2020, on file with Amnesty International. Amnesty International, “Caged without a roof”, p. 70. It has been reported that Sittwe university began accepting Rohingya students again in May 2022, but it remains unclear how they can technically enrol without citizenship cards, and the freedom of movement required to physically attend the university. See: DVB English, “Sittwe University To Admit Rohingya Students After Ten Year Ban”, 12 May 2022, english.dvb.no/sittwe-university-to-admit-rohingya-students-after-ten-year-ban 342 343 Amnesty International, “We will Destroy Everything”, p.137. Amnesty International and others, “Joint statement: Bangladesh: Restore and strengthen capacity of community-led schools in Rohingya camps”, 28 April 2022, amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/04/bangladesh-restore-and-strengthen-capacity-of-community-led-schools-inrohingya-camps 344 THE SOCIAL ATROCITY META AND THE RIGHT TO REMEDY FOR THE ROHINGYA Amnesty International 65