to fund the community’s request for an education project, a group of Rohingya refugees filed a complaint against the company under the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises via the Irish National Contact Point (NCP). The complaint was transferred to the US NCP in June 2022. As of September 2022, the complaint remained under consideration. Meta’s refusal to compensate Rohingya victims to date – even where the community’s modest requests represent crumbs from the table of the company’s enormous profits – simply add to the perception that this is a company wholly detached from the reality of its human rights impacts. Far from its headquarters in Menlo Park, Meta’s content-shaping algorithms are fanning the flames of hate, violence, and discrimination – and disproportionally impacting the most marginalized and oppressed communities across the world, and particularly in the Global South. As detailed throughout this report, Meta’s flagrant disregard for human rights has proven to be utterly devastating to the Rohingya. Yet these findings are not only relevant to Rohingya survivors; they should sound the alarm that Meta risks contributing to serious human rights abuses again. Already, from Ethiopia to India and other regions affected by conflict and ethnic violence, Meta represents a real and present danger to human rights. Urgent, wide-ranging reforms are needed to ensure that Meta’s history with the Rohingya does not repeat itself elsewhere. And yet, it would be a mistake to conclude that Meta can solve these problems alone. The root cause of Meta’s horrendous human rights impacts is hard-wired into the company’s business model based on invasive surveillance and profiling – a business model that is shared by other Big Tech companies. Big Tech has proven itself incapable of addressing these issues in the absence of effective state regulation. It is imperative that states fulfil their obligation to protect human rights by introducing and enforcing effective legislation to rein in surveillance-based business models across the technology sector. For the Rohingya, although the true scale of the losses they have suffered is incalculable, systemic change and effective remediation cannot come soon enough. As 22-year-old Showkutara told Amnesty International: “Facebook must pay. If they do not, we will go to every court in the world. We will never give up in our struggle.” KEY RECOMMENDATIONS TO META Remedy • Work with survivors and the civil society organizations supporting them to provide an effective remedy to affected Rohingya communities. • Cooperate fully with the OECD NCP process in the United States, and any other processes that may arise from this complaint, and fully fund the education programming requested by Rohingya communities who are parties to the complaint. Human rights due diligence • Undertake a comprehensive review and overhaul of human rights due diligence at Meta, including by mainstreaming human rights considerations throughout all Meta platforms’ operations, and ensuring that due diligence addresses the systemic and widespread human rights impacts of Meta’s business model as a whole. • Undertake constant, ongoing, and proactive human rights due diligence throughout the lifecycle of algorithmic technologies, so that risks and abuses can be identified during the development stage but also after such technologies have been launched. THE SOCIAL ATROCITY META AND THE RIGHT TO REMEDY FOR THE ROHINGYA Amnesty International 10