THAILAND A. Political Situations The political situation in Thailand has remained unstable since the 2023 general election, with three prime ministers serving within two years. Srettha Thavisin, who became prime minister following the election through a mechanism established by the 2014 coup d’état, was removed from office on August 16, 2024, for an ethics violation408. Paetongtarn Shinawatra, the daughter of former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, succeeded Srettha in 2024 but was also removed at the end of August 2025 for an ethics violation409. In September 2025, Anutin Charnvirakul, leader of the Bhumjaithai Party, became prime minister410. His premiership resulted from a political deal: the People’s Party—formerly Saksornchai, Jintamas. “Court Removes Prime Minister Srettha From Office in Another Ruling Shaking Up Thailand’s Politics.” AP News, 15 Aug. 2024, apnews.com/article/srettha-constitutional-court-primeminister-ethics-b0511e373fdaf598dbb36e51a98c09dd. 409. Saksornchai, Jintamas. “Paetongtarn Shinawatra Becomes Thailand Prime Minister After Royal Signoff.” AP News, 18 Aug. 2024, apnews.com/article/thailand-paetongtarn-thaksin-prime-minister-royalassent-78e8d41b40c1bd6a77c0885158da5794. 410. Thepgumpanat, Panarat, and Chayut Setboonsarng. “Thailand’s Anutin Charnvirakul Elected PM After Rout of Ruling Party Rival.” Reuters, 5 Sep. 2025, www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/thailandsanutin-charnvirakul-elected-pm-after-rout-ruling-party-rival-2025-09-05. 408. 84