INDONESIA A. Political Situations 2025 marks the first year of Prabowo Subianto’s presidency, which began in October 2024. Following the 2024 election, the government has faced no meaningful opposition. The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), which holds 110 of the 580 seats in the Indonesian House of Representatives, is the largest party in the parliament110. Although it is formally in opposition, it has adopted a more cooperative stance toward the government. In the absence of a genuine opposition, this has enabled the government to advance its populist policies with little resistance. Prabowo, a former general, has made Indonesia more militarized, as reflected in the growing dominance of the armed forces111. This trend is evident in the amendment to the Indonesian National Armed Forces Act, which regulates the organization, role, and duties of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia – TNI). Suhenda, Dio. “KPU Announces House Seats With PDI-P on Top, Golkar in Second.” The Jakarta Post, 26 Aug. 2024, www.thejakartapost.com/indonesia/2024/08/26/kpu-announces-house-seats-with-pdi-p-ontop-golkar-in-second.html. 111. “Prabowo Subianto’s Idea to Expand the Military’s Role.” Tempo.co, 20 Oct. 2025, magz.tempo.co/read/ national/43562/one-year-of-prabowo. 110. 32