Summary of Key Situations Rights Situations in Southeast Asian Countries in 2025 Countries Cambodia Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam Concerns Related to Digital Rights in 2025 Drawing on the border conflict between Cambodia and Thailand, disinformation and propaganda have been carried out at the state level under Hun Sen’s regime. Indonesia is becoming increasingly militarized under Prabowo, which could endanger digital rights in all aspects given the expanding powers of the military and police. The government censors and controls information related to the 3Rs. The military has sought legitimacy through a sham election while tightening its control over human rights, including digital rights. The government seeks to regulate disinformation via legislation, which may risk limiting free speech in the country. Information is controlled by the government via a series of repressive laws. Information operations (IO) are becoming more sophisticated in their methods and tactics. The expansion of police powers, which risks abuse of authority and tighter control over human rights, including digital rights. To identify broader trends across these countries, the issues are grouped into three categories: control of information, platform accountability, and digital security. These categories are based on actions taken by regimes and governments throughout Southeast Asia. The details are as follows: 1. Control of Information Developments in 2025 show that governments and regimes across the region used a range of tactics to control online information. These include, but are not limited to, adopting new laws and regulations, ordering service providers to block content, deploying trolls or cyber armies, and imposing internet restrictions. Several Southeast Asian countries have long been documented as having state-affiliated cyber armies or trolls—coordinated networks of online accounts that spread propaganda or disinformation to benefit the government or ruling regime. Evidence from 2025 shows that these state-linked cyber armies and troll networks have grown significantly more sophisticated. 10