Exploring the Nexus between Technologies and Human Rights 36 based on developmental angles of access and governance. It is found that Southeast Asian digital rights work centres on addressing many of the digital rights that pertain to conventional rights translated to digital spaces, through existing movements on civil freedoms. There is an increasing focus in the spheres of data-centred rights and digital governance, while work on access is shifting beyond basic Internet access and is more concerned about the quality of access. As most of the digital rights advocates originate from civil society rather than the tech community, technical capacity is sorely lacking, limiting most advocacy work to awareness campaigns rather than more technical aspects of the different spheres of digital rights, such as technical measures against cyber attacks, or data protection from a software architectural point of view. Participation in digital governance at a technical level, such as in the development of standards, is also difficult. The digital rights movement studied is situated within the context of Southeast Asia and subjected to existing social, political, and cultural contexts. Difficulties in civil society work manifest within the microcosm of digital rights work – in the face of authoritarian governments, tight resources within civil society, and publics that are more concerned about economic development than rights violations. Although there is movement building at the regional level, most of the digital rights work in the region focus on the national level. While advocates are concerned about the transnational implications of geopolitics and powerful tech companies based in the West, the lack of resources, networks, and capacity limits their work in these aspects, with only a small number of familiar faces working in the international arena. It is hoped that this paper will provide a strong basis for future research, whether to apply and refine the conceptual framework to other regions and localities, or as a baseline to deepen the understanding about digital rights work in Southeast Asia. As more and more of the world’s population joins the global networked society, protecting and upholding digital rights will remain to be a salient issue for the foreseeable future. Perspectives and insights from the developing world will contribute to advocacy and research to ensure a safer, more equitable, and rights-based digital environment for all. References Cheong, D. D., & Yeap, S. Y. (2012, August 31). Malaysia’s internet blackout: politicisation of online activism? East Asia Forum. Retrieved from https://www. eastasiaforum.org/2012/08/31/malaysias-internet-blackout-politicisation-ofonline-activism/ Daskal, E. (2018). Let’s be careful out there …: how digital rights advocates educate citizens in the digital age. Information, Communication & Society, 21(2), 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1271903 Dheere, J. (2017). A methodology for mapping the emerging legal landscapes for human