Opportunities and Challenges in Southeast Asia, 2019 (Bangkok, Thailand) 19 Table 3: Two Different Paradigms of “Digital” and Associated Rights Digital as spaces Digital as data representation of physical entities ¨ Rights to freedom of expression, association and assembly online ¨ Right to consumer protection ¨ Right to seek joy and pleasure ¨ Right to exist free from violence, hateful speech, and harassment ¨ Right to not be discriminated ¨ Right to have informed consent on participation ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ Right to data privacy Right to freedom from digital surveillance Right to data ownership and control Right to data security and protection There are certain rights mentioned that do not fall within the digital paradigms. These are rights that pertain to the access to, and the governance of the digital (see Table 4). Access and governance can be grouped together under a developmental paradigm, as access is one of the key concerns of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D), and governance has to do with the contestations of power to define the direction of the development of digital environments. Table 4: Two Different Paradigms of Digital Development and Associated Rights Access to the digital Governance of the digital ¨ Right to access state and other services online ¨ Right to access the Internet ¨ Right to access information and content ¨ Right to access hardware/software ¨ Right to participate in digital governance processes or be consulted on Internet policy issues Four Spheres of Digital Rights The framework proposed therefore includes four spheres, organised by two sets of paradigms as discussed in the previous section: the digital, and the developmental (See Table 5). The framework provides a structure to think about digital rights and is not a neat categorisation of each individual right; certainly, some rights may belong to more than one of the spheres. Through thinking about digital rights from these four spheres, we are able to draw from their respective areas of academic literature. From the data collected from the focus groups, it is also apparent that each sphere comes with its own implications and challenges. The following sections provide further elaborations. As one can dive as deeply into each sphere as one wants to, here I will only provide an idea of what the sphere entails as far as it makes sense within the scope of this paper, combining the insights from literature and from the data collected.