A/HRC/56/CRP.8 maternal health services available, many women are fearful to seek medical attention when needed, which can compound health issues, particularly when pregnant. Women’s health is also impacted by inconsistent and insufficient access to safe drinking water and inadequate hygiene infrastructure within camps, including a lack of reliable access to latrines and proper waste treatment. Women continue to lack access to comprehensive care inside camps, including mental health support to help deal with trauma related to the military’s genocidal campaign in 2017.81 While there is some maternal and reproductive care, services are not always sufficient, with limited possibilities for cesarian delivery in the camps, for example. It remains difficult to seek supplementary care when required outside of the camp due to movement restrictions and complex bureaucratic procedures. Access to education in the camps is of concern for all Rohingya children, but particularly girls who customarily receive less schooling than boys. 175. Severe deprivation, mounting financial pressures, and security threats, including the threat of sexual violence, are likely causing an increase in early and forced marriage of Rohingya girls in Myanmar and Bangladesh. The perceived risk of sexual violence is also contributing to the rise in early marriage. 176. Due to deteriorating conditions and security concerns in Myanmar and Bangladesh, many Rohingya have decided to risk their lives at sea or take dangerous overland journeys to seek safety and shelter in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, or elsewhere. In recent years, Rohingya women and children have made up the majority of those making these journeys in the hands of smugglers and traffickers.82 Many Rohingya women and girls make these risky journeys to reunite with a husband or family or for the purpose of arranged marriage to a man in another location. 177. Rohingya women and girls undertaking these journeys are vulnerable to trafficking schemes that put them at high risk of early and forced marriage, commercial sex work, sexual slavery, domestic servitude, debt-bondage, forced and child labor, unsafe and unregulated work, and wage theft schemes. During the journeys and in destination countries, women and girls are also at risk of arrest and detention, extortion from brokers, inadequate access to basic necessities, and sexual and gender-based violence. Rape and sexual violence against Rohingya women and girls on boats at sea or during land voyages have also occurred.83 Some woman and young girls have arrived pregnant in their destination country. The Special Rapporteur has received credible reports that some Rohingya women and girls have been given pills to prevent them from becoming pregnant while on board of boats. Twenty Rohingya girls who were detained at a correctional center in Yangon after being caught on a smuggling route were reportedly forced to strip their clothes in a public area and then kneel on stones.84 Young girls that have reportedly arrived in Malaysia to arranged marriages with abusive or older men often have no means of recourse. 178. Rohingya women and girls who successfully reach other destinations face a myriad of challenges and uncertainties. None of the major destination countries for Rohingya, 81 82 83 84 Legal Action Worldwide, “‘Every Day, I remember They Destroyed My Life’: Long-Term Physical and Psychosocial Consequences of Genocidal Sexual and Gender-Based Violence the Myanmar Military Committed against the Rohingya in its 2017 ‘Clearance Operations’,” November 2023, https://www.legalactionworldwide.org/wp-content/uploads/LAW-SGBV-Report.pdf. UNHCR, Rohingya Refugee Maritime Situation, https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/myanmar#powerbi. Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, End of Mission Statement: Indonesia, 21 June 2023, https://bangkok.ohchr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ENG-21.06.2023UNSR-Myanmar-EoM-Statement-FINAL.pdf. The Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, “Surviving Statelessness and Trafficking: A Rohingya Case Study of Intersections and Protection Gaps,” June 2023, p. 16, https://files.institutesi.org/Surviving_Statelessness_and_Trafficking_a_Rohingya_Case_Study.pdf. 39