the Protection on Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA), Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act, Online Safety (Miscellaneous) Act, and most recently the Online Criminal Harms Act (OCHA). The notorious POFMA remains to be the most used law against critics and opposition politicians since its adoption in 2019. Still, 2023 may be the most challenging ever in the history of the PAP because of several scandals involving its MPs. A scandal against well-known opposition politician Leon Perera of the Workers’ Party erupted after a video of an extramarital affair with a fellow party member was circulated around the same time that two PAP MPs faced a similar scandal. This incident also reinforced concerns about possible surveillance by the government against critics and opposition politicians. 2. Legal and Policy Developments Singapore has been quite active in regulating how its people access online space, mainly through an evolving collection of laws. These laws usually share the same characteristics of having broad provisions that give authorities a wide scope in their application. Fully implemented, these laws give the government comprehensive control of online narratives. In 2019, the government adopted the Protection on Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act (POFMA), which is dubbed 78 as the “anti-fake news” law. It allows authorities to police content on social media by issuing “correction directions” for “false” content. There is no clear criteria on how the government selects or decides what constitutes “false” content. Over the years, the government has used the law against dissidents, opposition politicians, and online media, giving the government political advantage for correcting the narratives. In early October 2021, the government passed the Foreign Interference (Countermeasures) Act or FICA. The law, which was passed without public consultation within a span of three weeks, received widespread condemnation for being another repressive law that adds to the government’s arsenal of political weapons. In the name of protecting the country’s political sovereignty from foreign interference, FICA gives the government power to force internet service providers and social media platforms to provide user information, block content, and remove applications used to disseminate content the government considers as hostile. The law also allows the government to label an individual or entity as “politically significant persons”, who then can be subjected to increased scrutiny to compel disclosure of their funding sources, and their affiliations with foreign entities among other countermeasures. FICA can be repressive towards journalists and activists working in Singapore receiving foreign funding. Singapore, as a country under authoritarianism, can use this law as a political weapon to silence these