Legatum Institute “From how to start a revolution to how to beat ISIS.” Beyond Propaganda series. (November 2015). Available here. Lucas, Edward, and Peter Pomeranzev. “Winning the Information War: Techniques and Counter-strategies to Russian Propaganda in Central and Eastern Europe” (CEPA: 2016). Available here. Giles, Keir. “Countering Russian Information Operations in the Age of Social Media” Council on Foreign Relations. (November 2017). Available here. Bertolin, Giorgio. “Digital Hydra: Security Implications of False Information Online,” (NATO StratCom COE: May 2016) Available here. Golovchenko, Yevgeniy; Mareike Hartmann; and Rebecca Adler-Nissen. “State, Media and Civil Society in the Information Warfare over Ukraine: Citizen Curators of Digital Disinformation,” International Affairs, Volume 94, Issue 5, September 2018. Available here. Graphika. “Killing the Truth: How Russia is fueling a disinformation campaign to cover up war crimes in Syria.” The Syria Campaign (2017) Available here. Greenberg, Andy. “Russian Hacker False Flags Work – Even After They’re Exposed.” WIRED Magazine. (February 2018). Available here. Greenberg, Andy. “Russian Hackers are Using ‘Tainted’ Leaks to Sow Disinformation.” WIRED Magazine. (May 2017). Available here. Gregory, Sam. “Deepfakes and Synthetic Media: Survey of Solutions against Malicious Usages.” WITNESS (2018). Available here. Haines, John R. “Russia’s Use of Disinformation in the Ukraine Conflict,” Foreign Policy Research Institute, (February, 2015). Available here. Johnson, Eric. “Tech is now a weapon for propaganda and the problem is way bigger than Russia.” ReCode (January 2018). Available here. Kreko, Peter. “The Authoritarian Capture of Social Media.” Power 3.0 (November 2017). Available here. Lange-Ionatamishvili, Elina, and Sanda Svetoka. “Strategic Communications and Social Media in the Russia Ukraine Conflict,” NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellent Tallin, Estonia (2015). Available here. Lapowsky, Issie. “Inside the Research Lab Teaching Facebook about its Trolls,” WIRED Magazine (August 2018). Available here. Meserole, Chris, and Alina Polyakova. “Disinformation Wars: The United States and Europe are ill-prepared for the coming wave of "deep fakes" that artificial intelligence could unleash.” Foreign Policy (May 2018). Available here. Morgan, Jonathan, and Renee DiResta. “Information Operations are a Cybersecurity Problem: Toward a New Strategic Paradigm to Combat Disinformation.” Just Security (July 2018). Available here. MERCY CORPS The Weaponization of Social Media: How social media can spark violence and what can be done about it 31