Finding: “In a subset of data from nine countries, over 1 in 4 cases were perpetrated by other children, while about 1 in 3 were perpetrated by adults.” Table overview: Table A11 presents the percentage of technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse instances by perpetrator age category. Using data from the second round of the Disrupting Harm study across nine countries, the table shows the proportion of instances where a child was abused or exploited by another peer and/or by an adult aged 18 or older. Table A11: Percentage of technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse instances by perpetrator age category, including perpetrators under 18 and perpetrators aged 18 or older (2024–2025). Country Percentage of instances perpetrated by a child under 18 Percentage of instances perpetrated by an adult over 18 Armenia 21.8 39.5 Brazil 34.6 27.5 Colombia 16.6 25.7 Dominican Republic 22.7 33.3 Mexico 28.8 35.1 Montenegro 40.2 36.7 North Macedonia 21 59 Pakistan 13.3 36.5 Serbia 39.7 11.7 Average percentage 27% 34% Commentary: Among the nine countries included in this analysis, 27 per cent of reported instances of technology-facilitated child sexual exploitation and abuse involved a perpetrator under the age of 18, while 34 per cent involved an adult aged 18 or above. Instances were not included in this table where perpetrator age was unknown or not reported, hence percentages do not add up to 100 per cent. This finding highlights the need to support children to develop an understanding of healthy relationships, consent, boundaries and respectful behaviour both online and in person. Children may not always recognize when requests, interactions, or exchanges involving sexual content are inappropriate or harmful, particularly in contexts where peer pressure, curiosity, social expectations, or unequal dynamics influence behaviours. Prevention efforts should therefore Through Children’s Eyes Appendix 70