of exploitation and violence against children. Laws, investigations and cross-border cooperation need to reflect this reality and ensure that perpetrators can be identified and held accountable. The digital environment also needs to become safer by design. Platforms should not rely on children to repeatedly report abuse, navigate complex safety settings, or identify dangerous interactions on their own. Privacy protections, restrictions on unsolicited adult contact, proactive detection of abuse material in privacy-preserving ways and responsive reporting systems should be standard, not optional. Companies that fail to take reasonable steps to protect children must be held accountable. Children should not have to navigate these harms on their own. Real protection requires all of these systems – families, schools, communities, governments, law enforcement, justice sectors and technology companies – to create environments where children are safe, believed and supported, long before harm occurs. Through Children’s Eyes Conclusions 38