Technology: Friend or Foe for Women of Myanmar
In addition to internet shutdowns and restrictions, access to the internet is one of the
key issues for women in Myanmar’s digital landscape. Since the February 2021 military
coup, 92.57% of respondents had trouble accessing the internet using a VPN, over 90%
of respondents had difficulty accessing the internet because of skyrocketing prices of
Wi-Fi/mobile data and 88% of respondents had struggled to use the internet due to its
reduced speed. In addition, about 20% of respondents self-censored and 61.14% faced
difficulties as a consequence of social media restrictions. Over half of the respondents
had faced challenges on account of internet shutdowns.
Internet freedom in Myanmar has markedly declined since the coup. The SAC imposed
internet shutdowns and arrested civilians for posting anti-coup online content. They
have also increased the use of surveillance technologies and tightened control over
cyberspace in various forms, progressively becoming more stringent day by day.
According to the 2022 Freedom on the Net report by Free Expression Myanmar (FEM),
the country scored only 12 out of 100 - on a scale of 0 (least free) to 100 (most free).
Myanmar’s score declined by 5 points compared to 2021. In terms of obstacles to
access, it scored only 2 out of 25, related to limits on contents only 6 out of 35 and
on the violation of user rights only 4 out of 40. Overall, Myanmar’s internet freedom is
currently the worst ever based on the report’s methodology.
3.2. Access to information
The survey results indicated that 80.57% of the respondents accessed information
through Facebook pages and groups, 58.86% through Telegram channels/groups,
65.71% through media outlets that respect news ethics, 38.29% from family and friends
and 57.71% through various websites. Only 8.57% of respondents relied on the stateowned media (TV, newspapers, and radio) for accessing information.
31