Technology: Friend or Foe for Women of Myanmar
- is as follows: 28% of the respondents are from Yangon, 9.71% from Kachin State,
8.57% from Shan State, 8% from Sagaing Region and Tanintharyi Region, 6.24% from
Mandalay Region, 4.57% from Karen State, 3.43% from Mon State, Bago Region and
Magway Region, and 2.86% from Irrawaddy Region. Respondents who are based
outside of Myanmar constituted 13.71% of the total. Since the research team had to
opt for an online survey to collect data, they encountered some limitations in reaching
out to women who reside in internet/mobile network shutdown areas such as Karenni/
Kayah State, Chin State and Rakhine State.
Despite the limitations caused by the risks inherent to Myanmar’s political instability,
the survey succeeded in acquiring responses from individuals of diverse backgrounds
in terms of age, sexual orientation, marital status, income, education level and
profession. Our respondents’ high education levels, heightened digital risk awareness
and internet use habits are not representative of Myanmar women, but it can also
offer a great insight into the online habits and behavior of women’s rights activists and
the challenges faced by them in the digital space. The detailed demographic data of
survey respondents can be found in Annex 2.
Findings
3.1. Internet accessibility, usage and device ownership
Myanmar has a history of internet blockages and disruptions, but until February 2021,
internet shutdowns mainly targeted conflict-affected areas such as Rakhine and Chin
States. These states had suffered 19 months of internet and (at times) telecommunications
shutdowns between 2019 June and 2021 February that violated their population’s
rights to information and impeded their access to humanitarian aid.
Since February 2021, the entire country is experiencing access restrictions to the
internet, social media platforms such as Facebook and virtual private networks (VPNs).
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