'.B%&!5=<" ##/?2/:%'5-%!5G:%\5 <#%$)#%L=-1<B%S 4/5P6L=":;%
Z!"#$%&-1>B%BC.%&*+=%'$+"&!5$)" '$+/,&<$H&$+"&'"& FC.%&9/5-1<B%S ##/?2/:%'5-%!5$+"&():;%
!-%2+T%&6<" 8-^."$+":%$@ r#/5P=/5 67"%45#%*3Q8*"&<#% $)#% FC.%&9/5-1<B%S
Terminology 6G1\">
Sex (female/male/other): Biological characteristics of males and females limited to
physiological reproductive functions ('4H&U '$U '8*"&) / ="$ / 2/:%$M '4H&U '$
vHG6c09/5:%>" G/6<<2=qV"$+"& 87!%Y-H& vHG=$u6c0 $+/,&-3"&25-%:.%&$+"&'6-X
=.%P<#%4"&<B%S
Gender (girls/boys, women/men): Social characteristics assigned to men and women that
define their identities, status, roles, responsibilities and power relations. These are not
static and differ between cultural, age and social groups. People are born as female or male
sex, but they learn how to be girls and boys. Society teaches gender. ($/.%&=62&U
6?"=%+"&62&U '$+/,&<$H&U '$+/,&<"&) 2/:%<D"GU 2/:%cHvU 6?"=%+"& $/.%&$#/5PJ >-%#B%*+=%U
'9:;%'#.%&U '*.%&=KU #"G.%G#~>"&():;% '"V"9/5:%>" 9=%(3?%$M$+"&=/5 <#%$)#%<B;%
2@$MG/6<<2=qV"$+"&S ?T%6=+&$MU '<=%'>3?% 2@$M'5-%!5=/52/5=%] =3"8*"&##%Y-H&
'#B%$?@(/5:%6-S 6$3&73"&!T%= '4H&U '$ *3Q8*"&*Q;6!="$@U $/.%&=62&U 6?"=%+"&62&87!%*3:;%=/5
W=H&8-:%&>:%& <:%?@<B%S 2@P'<5/:%&'G/5:%&= “2/:% DG” =/5 <:%L="&6-&<B%S
Feminism: Belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities.
(#Ä/?G10) = '$+/,&<$H&$+"&2B%& '$+/,&<"&$+"&():;%#.%&#@ '*3:;%'6>&():;%
'*3:;%'2$%&$+"&>)/<:;%<B% \@6<" ?5AL=B%$M
Agency: An individual’s capacity to act for themselves. (69":%>3=%(/5:%!3$%&) = #!%R&*+:%&J
$/$/D"<" 69":%>3=%(5/:%$M!3$%&>B%
Violence: Means of control and oppression that can include emotional, social, economic,
legal and physical coercion or pressure.
Coercion: Forcing or attempting to force another person to do something against their will.
('L=$%&7=%$M) = *A!"&$MU 2@$M6>&U !H&-3"&6>&U T-606L=":%&():;% ="?':%'"& </5P$\5#%
7/'"&<5A&] 4/.%&*+,-%7/()/-%8*:%& .B%&2$%&$+"&
Power: The capacity to make decisions. ('=+-%=/5:%$M) = 2@#!%R&'"& 9(m():;% 9.%P=+:%]
#!%!5A#!%%*5 8-,25-%>.% 7/'"&6-&8*:%&U 7/'"&6-&>.%'"&45#%8*:%&
Consent: Free and informed choice. ('*3:;%'"V"U '"V") = 95A&87#%*+=%*+(/5:%6<"
!3$%&'"&<6D"#@BH$MS =+/,&8-!%</2+=% 23#%2-%!3" 6>3&*+?%$M
Abuse: Misuse of power through which the perpetrator gains control or advantage. '23Q<5A&$M
= =+d&23.%<@= 4/.%&*+,-%$M </5P$\5#% #-.%&<"$M >>)/4"&6<" '"V"=/5 $$).%$=.% '<5A&*+8*:%&
ARTICLE 19 - Censored gender: Women’s right to freedom of expression and information in Myanmar - Page 5