Participation and the voice of women '$+/ , &<$H & $+"&J-1G:% 6 9":% > 3 = % * 3 : ; % ( ) : ; % '<A 4 5 # % 6 7"% * 3 : ; % While all independently-minded individuals and groups have been excluded from raising their voices and participating in governance and civil society, the situation of women is even worse. According to the available gender-disaggregated statistics, in the government sector women make up: • • • • • • 5.8% of the lower house of parliament 1.8% of the upper house of parliament150 3.5% of the state and regional parliaments 1.2% of the military in parliament 5.5% of the national ministers 31.7% of senior civil servants (Deputy Director level and above).151 While women make up half of all staff in the civil service152, they are concentrated mainly in the lower levels. 23#%2-%6<"!/#%>)/<B;% <H&8*"&-5Ng2$+"&():;% '5-%!5$+"&'"& !H$A'5-%*+,-%$M():;% '>-%7=% '73QO'!B%&$+"& #3:% '<A45#%67"%*3:;%():;% -1G:%69":%>3=%*3:;%$) L=T%7?%4"&2"*Q;!T%#3:% '$+/,&<$H&J '68*'6.= -/5] 95/&>3"&6-<B%S 2/:%<D"G<H&8*"&45#%8-.%6<" ><$)+!">:%&$+"&'> '!/5&>=K#3:% '$+/,&<$H&$+"&J -1G:%$M'*+,/&'!"&$)" 6'"=%-1'#/5:%&87!%<B%S • • • • • • 6'"=%2C#%6#"%#3:% l.s% '4=%2C#%6#"%#3:% `.s% 8-B%64":%!52C#%6#"%():;% 8-B%.?%():;%#/5:%&60<L=/&2C#%6#"%$+"&#3:% a.l% 2C#%6#"%#3:%& !!%<$H&$+"& `._% 8-B%64":%!5G.%L=H&$+"&#3:% l.l% '9:;%8$:;%'>-%7=%G.%4$%&$+"& (05BC.%$)d&'9:;%():;% '4=%) #3:% a`.n% Table 6 Percentage of women in each institution. h".'2/5=% '$+/,&<$H&$+"&J >"*/5:%(M.%& != 2 % Lower house of Parliament 6'"=%2C#%6#"% !!!"""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""" Upper house of Parliament153 !"""""""""""""""""""""""" ARTICLE 19 - Censored gender: Women’s right to freedom of expression and information in Myanmar - Page 59