Women of Burma (2008) ‘In the Shadow of the Junta’, http://www.womenofburma.org/Report/IntheShadow-Junta-CEDAW2008.pdf Women of Burma, ibid. Shattering Silences documented rape cases in Myanmar since 1988, concluding that: half of the rape incidents surveyed were committed by high ranking officers; 40% were gang rapes; in 28% of cases women were killed after being raped. Reports continue in 2015 http://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/myanmar-kokang-03252015123347.html and are summarised in Women of Burma (2008) ‘In the Shadow of the Junta’, http://www.womenofburma.org/Report/IntheShadow-Junta-CEDAW2008.pdf 192 For example, participants were particularly concerned by the 19/20 January 2015 case of the sexual assault and killing of two women teachers, Maran Lau Ra and Tangbau Hkawn Nan Tsin in Northern Shan. Soldiers are suspected and as a result no proper investigation has been initiated. 193 UNFPA and Ministry of Immigration and Population, Fertility and Reproductive Health Survey 2007 194 Nilar Kyu et al. (2005) ‘Prevalence, antecedent causes and consequences of domestic violence in Myanmar’, Asian Journal of Social Psychology (2005) 8: 244–271. 195 Women of Burma (2008) ‘In the Shadow of the Junta’, http://www.womenofburma.org/Report/IntheShadow-Junta-CEDAW2008.pdf 196 At the time of writing, a bill on violence against women was moving through the legislative process. 197 CEDAW (United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women) (2007), Consideration of Reports Submitted by States Parties Under Article 18 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: Myanmar, Combined Second and Third Periodic Reports of States Parties, CEDAW/C/MMR/3, CEDAW, New York. 198 Concluding observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Forty-second session, 20 October-7 November 2008 199 Interview in Yangon, 31 March 2015 200 Special riot police were authorised to commit gender-based violence against women protesters and harass them with impunity during demonstrations in Yangon in the major 2007 demonstrations. Women marching peacefully were severely beaten, punched, slapped, verbally abused and had their clothes torn, and their longyis were violently and deliberately pulled off. For more information: Women of Burma (2008) ‘In the Shadow of the Junta’, http://www.womenofburma.org/Report/IntheShadow-Junta-CEDAW2008.pdf 201 Roundtable in Yangon, 22 November 2014 189 190 191 202 Interview in Yangon, 22 November 2014 203 Interview in Yangon, 11 October 2014 204 Interview in Yangon, 14 February 2015 205 206 207 208 Interview in Yangon, 9 February 2015 February 2015, at E-Land Myanmar Garment Factory in Shwe Pyi Thar industrial zone, Yangon. Kan Kaung Chin Yadanar Factory, Mandalay Division, 2015. February 2015, at E-Land Myanmar Garment Factory in Shwe Pyi Thar industrial zone, Yangon. 209 Interview in Yangon, 22 November 2014 Alleged statement by a commander reported by an army defector’s testimony, quoted in Refugees International, April 2003, No safe place: Burma’s army and the rape of ethnic women 210 211 212 Interview in Pyay, 10 December 2014 Referring to a case in Pyay Township, 2014. 213 Roundtable in Yangon, 22 November 2014 214 Interview in Yangon, 4 October 2014 Referring to a case in Rzua Township, June 2014. Women’s League of Burma (2008) ‘CEDAW Shadow Report’, http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/docs/ngos/Women_Burma42.pdf 217 The National Strategic Plan for the Advancement of Women 2013‐2022 was published in 2013 but is relatively unheard of among civil society in Myanmar http://www.mm.undp.org/content/myanmar/en/home/presscenter/pressreleases/2013/10/strategicplanwomen.html 215 216 ARTICLE 19 - Censored gender: Women’s right to freedom of expression and information in Myanmar - Page 91