and NGO legal registration and reporting requirements; ad hoc travel authorisation procedures) must be understood in very simple terms: it denies the basic necessities of life to members of the Rohingya group in Rakhine State who are almost entirely dependent on humanitarian aid for their survival. The regime can threaten to revoke an MOU at any time. All non-governmental organisations must register with the authorities, or staff risk being imprisoned. They must also seek permission to carry out research, but authorisation is rarely granted, especially on food and nutrition-related topics.85 This has serious implications for food security needs assessments, particularly in emergencies such as internal displacement. Humanitarian aid workers and senior UN officials recently spoke to Fortify Rights about the junta authorities denying or ignoring travel authorisation requests for northern Rakhine State since November 2023. An international humanitarian aid worker explained: So we have had to halt field activities. We applied for TAs [travel authorisations] several times to the [junta] state government, but each time, they rejected it. They did not provide a formal response, but that is their standard practice. If we do not receive a letter, it means our request has been denied. Later, we tried to approach the township-based military commander’s office, but he did not respond either.86 A senior UN official described a similar situation in Buthidaung: In April 2024, we submitted a letter to the township junta Military Tactical Commander in Buthidaung Township requesting permission to provide life-saving humanitarian aid to civilians displaced. However, they never responded to the request, which meant it was rejected. There was no consideration of human suffering [of civilians] who lack the most basic survival needs.87 The regime’s wide-ranging access restrictions in Rakhine State continue to defy UN Security Council Resolution 2669, which urged ‘full, safe and unhindered humanitarian access’ as well as provisional measure (1) ordered by the ICJ.88 The severe consequences of these humanitarian access restrictions are described in detail below. These consequences have been exacerbated by the crippling cuts to humanitarian aid, particularly to the World Food Programme, which has stopped food rations to Rohingya IDPs held in internment camps due to the funding shortfall. Provisional measure (2) – do not commit genocidal acts ‘The Republic of the Union of Myanmar shall, in relation to the members of the Rohingya group in its territory, ensure that its military, as well as any irregular armed units which may be directed or supported by it and any organizations and persons which may be subject to its control, direction or influence, do not commit any acts described in point (1) above, or of conspiracy to commit genocide, of direct and public incitement to commit genocide, of attempt to commit genocide, or of complicity in genocide.’ This section of the report examines the Myanmar military’s actions concerning the genocidal acts outlined in Article II of the Genocide Convention, specifically: 85 Reuters, (16 December 2024) op. cit. 86 Fortify Rights, ‘Bangladesh, Arakan Army: Establish Humanitarian Corridor for War-Affected Civilians in Myanmar’ (12 March 2025) available at <https://www.fortifyrights.org/bgd-inv-2025-03-12/> accessed 23 May 2025. 87 ibid. 88 UNSC Resolution 2669 (21 September 2022) op. cit. 16