The 1980s was a turbulent decade for all of Burma. In 1987 Ne Win, known for
his paranoia and obsession with astrology, cancelled all bank notes with the exception of
45 and 90 kyat notes on the grounds that they were the only two denominations divisible
by his lucky number, 9 (Tucker, 2001). Overnight, Burma’s economy was destroyed; by
the following morning people had lost their life savings. Tensions flared even further
providing the momentum for student-led uprisings that took place the following year.
With the military’s increasingly violent nature toward opposition to its tactics and
position in society, by August 8, 1988, distrust and discontent with the military and
government came to a head in what became known as the 8-8-8-8 or Four Eights
movement, or the People’s Uprising. Initially comprised only of students on the campus
of Rangoon University, the pro-democracy movement quickly flourished into a
nationwide uprising against Ne Win and the Tatmadaw. Thousands of people flooded the
streets of Rangoon, Mandalay, and other major cities throughout the country.
During this time of public discontent, an alliance of convenience formed between
the community of Buddhist monks (the Sangha) and the protestors (Ibrahim, 2016). The
Sangha saw the launch of the Four Eights as a crucial time for them to join forces to
protect the nation and, more importantly, Buddhism. Although protesting had
increasingly built up over the previous month, August 8 marked not only the peak of the
demonstrations but also the first serious effort made by the Tatmadaw to thwart prodemocracy sentiment. Soldiers met the unarmed protestors with gunfire; by the end of the
protests thousands of civilians had been killed and countless more were injured.
Despite the destruction caused by the Tatmadaw, the Four Eights movement
represented a turning point in Burmese history. During the uprising Aung San Suu Kyi,
13