Mobile Myanmar: The Impact of Social Media on Young People Living in Conflict-Affected Regions of Myanmar Key issues and recommendations This study has collected a vast amount of data and insights regarding the experience and impact of social media among Myanmar young people. From the analysis conducted, the most urgent areas of concern that need to be addressed can be distilled into the following four key issues, for which possible solutions and recommendations are proposed below. These are based on the insights gained from the experiences described by participants in the study, current international evidence-based practice, and the expertise and experience of the research team and Save the Children staff on the ground in Myanmar. Issue 1: Myanmar’s young people lack digital citizenship skills Most young people in Myanmar do not have the digital safety skills and knowledge to adequately protect themselves from online threats such as scams, hacking and harassment. While some are aware of blocking and reporting functions, most do not know how to use them, nor are they aware of how to change the privacy settings on their social media accounts. Media literacy skills are also lacking among young people in Myanmar. While trust in news found on social media is generally low among young people, most do not know how to properly check the validity of news. Given the rapid uptake of social media in Myanmar, the prevalence of fake news and online dangers, and general lack of guidance from parents and teachers, there is a desperate need and great enthusiasm for a digital citizenship curriculum tailored to Myanmar youth. Digital citizenship is a broader concept than just online safety and media literacy, and issues that should also be covered in a curriculum aimed at young people include online etiquette and communication, cyberbullying and harassment, online commerce, online rights and responsibilities, and awareness of one’s digital footprint. A focus on digital nutrition, which refers to maintaining balance and wellness in the digital age (Brewer, 2019), would also address the reported tendency for young people in Myanmar to use social media for long periods of time at the expense of their offline relationships. Recommendations  Save the Children to advocate with other education actors in Myanmar to the Ministry of Education for a digital citizenship curriculum to be developed and introduced in all schools, with a key focus on staying safe online (including how to use privacy and security settings), and critical evaluation of online content (including how to identify and respond to fake news). Due to sensitivities within Myanmar around the term ‘citizenship’, it may be worth considering alternative terminology to make curriculum more palatable.  Non-government organisations (NGOs) to recruit celebrities and key influencers to promote digital safety and media literacy through multiple avenues, including sharable social media posts and videos.  NGOs to support ongoing efforts by Facebook to: a) ensure that all Facebook tools are available in Burmese and other local Myanmar languages; b) increase the number of Burmese and Myanmar local language content moderators working for Facebook; c) improve effectiveness in responding to fake news and hate speech reports (and flagging via ‘haha’ emojis), by both removing offending posts and preventing their re-posting.  Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) to develop urban and village workshops to teach media literacy and digital citizenship skills to parents and teachers, and teach them about appropriate community standards for social media use. Issue 2: Online sexual harassment is highly prevalent and harming young people in Myanmar The most alarming theme to arise from the current study was the prevalence of online sexual harassment of girls on social media. Girls were vulnerable to harassment not only from online predators who contact them with unsolicited messages, often containing inappropriate sexual content, or requests for sexual images, money, or declarations of reciprocal love (usually by threatening to misuse or photoshop their images and post on social media), but also from 103