A/HRC/39/CRP.2 committed extrajudicial killings, torture and rape among other violations. A number of villages were burned and thousands were displaced as a consequence. 658 310. Clashes began in June 2017 but fighting intensified in November 2017, reaching a peak in January 2018. On 22 November 2017, the KIA set up a base in a church in De Kaw village in Tanai, and on the same day airstrikes were conducted by the Tatmadaw, which did not appear to target the KIA base. An aerial bomb exploded next to a civilian’s house, killing a young child and a man. The next day, Tatmadaw soldiers conducted an operation in the village, as apparent retribution for battlefield casualties, which saw the arrest and detention of some villagers, and the burning and destruction of the village. It caused villagers to flee and be displaced.659 The detained villagers were divided into small groups, beaten and tortured while questioned about KIA membership. 660 One of the victims gave the following account: The Tatmadaw tied us up with ropes and pointed their guns at our heads. They accused us of being with the KIA and requested proof that we were not. It was hard for us to give them the answers they wanted. One of the soldiers told me that they had information that I was involved with the KIA and provided them with assistance, which I denied. The soldier shouted at me, calling me “dog beggar”, which means “person of very low value” in Myanmar. I was on my knees. The soldier standing in front of me was asking questions while the one behind beat me. I was beaten in the back, and hit on the head with the butt of a gun. All villagers detained were on their knees. We were terrified.661 311. Throughout this period, a number of villages in Tanai were subject to artillery and airstrikes.662 For example, Nam Kawn village, 20 kilometres from Tanai town, was targeted by aerial bombing and heavy artillery mortar shelling from 22 to 27 January 2018, and with heaving fighting from 25 to 27 January.663 The village is located in the Zeephury Kone area, where both amber and gold are mined,664 and which is controlled by the KIA. 665 Reliable reports indicate that several aerial bombs were dropped on the village on 26 January 2018, destroying houses666 and causing two civilian deaths and four injuries, including three women.667 The nearest KIA posts were located several miles away, and as such there was no apparent military target.668 One of the injured victims, explained how her house was completely destroyed following an airstrike, and both she and her sister were injured. She spent a month in hospital.669Another witness stated that Tatmadaw soldiers, in the course of their military operations that day, deliberately shot at or otherwise targeted the civilian population: People fled from the bombings, and as they were fleeing, the military was shooting at them. People fled the area, some to the IDP camps. I think the military operation was designed to make villagers flee the town.670 312. As the Tatmadaw progressed into KIA controlled territory, strategic KIA posts were targeted. On 27 January 2018, a group of Tatmadaw soldiers supported by Lisu militia killed five, possibly six, men at a KIA tax post at Aung Ja village. Shortly after, approximately 200 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 K-069.1. DI-066, PI-086, PI-088. DI-066, PI-086, PI-088. DI-066. DI-061, PI-046, PI-063. K-142; T. Miles, “U.N. concerned about heavy fighting in Myanmar's Kachin state” (Reuters, 6 February 2018). DI-061. PI-045, PI-049, V-018. PI-045. DI-061, DI-062, PI-043, PI-049, PI-053. DI-061. DI-062. PI-043. 79