A/HRC/39/CRP.2 rape of a Buddhist woman by Muslims in Mandalay are considered to have led to the riots there in 2014.2983 1348. Another example is the instigation of communal unrest in early September 2017, in the midst of the crisis in Rakhine State, through the parallel distribution of similar but conflicting chain messages on Facebook Messenger to Muslim and Buddhist communities. Each chain message stated that the other group was preparing for major violence on 11 September and encouraged the recipient to get ready to resist. Local civil society groups reported that the messages had a countrywide reach, caused widespread fear and at least three violent incidents.2984 Below is a screenshot of the messages, taken from the open letter sent by Myanmar civil society organizations to the CEO of Facebook. 2985 The first was sent to Buddhists and the second to Muslims. 1349. Facebook’s Community Standards, to which each user must agree, include sections on hate speech and violence, and set out the company’s approach to fake accounts and false news. According to these standards, Facebook will remove content that violates its policies. Users can report such content to Facebook for review by its moderators. The company also uses technology to identify certain types of content that violate its standards. In November 2015, Facebook launched an illustrated Myanmar-language version of its Community Standards. Facebook also undertook a number of other initiatives to educate people in Myanmar about these standards.2986 1350. However, in an open letter to Facebook, six local civil society organizations working on the issue of hate speech highlighted the company’s ineffective content moderation. The organizations argued that Facebook moderation revealed “an over-reliance on third parties, a lack of a proper mechanism for emergency escalation, a reticence to engage local stakeholders around systemic solutions and a lack of transparency”. 2987 Concerns were also raised that Facebook does not have enough content moderators who understand Myanmar language and its nuances, as well as the context within which comments are made; that Facebook’s technology is not compatible with the different Myanmar language fonts; and that Facebook has a strong, if not unique, focus on Myanmar language and Burman culture.2988 1351. The Mission itself experienced a slow and ineffective response from Facebook when it used the standard reporting mechanism to alert the company to a post targeting a human 2983 2984 2985 2986 2987 2988 See above. Open letter from Myanmar civil society organizations to Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook (5 April 2018), available here: https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4432469-Myanmar-OpenLetter-to-Mark-Zuckerberg.html. Ibid. Facebook confirmed having removed these messages after they became aware of them. Submission from Facebook. Open letter from Myanmar civil society organizations to Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook (5 April 2018), available here: https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4432469-Myanmar-OpenLetter-to-Mark-Zuckerberg.html. B-005, K-101. 341