Annex C | Key GDD-Related Institutions and Agencies Union Minister U Thant Sin Maung Deputy Min U Kyaw Myo Ministry of Transport and Communications Ministry of Information Deputy Director General of the IT and Cyber Security Department U Sai Saw Lin Tun, reports to Kyaw Myo (above) Multiyear telecom reforms package under way with World Bank support, held tender for USF, which is #1 priority. Low capacity of administrative and technical staff on GDD Many high level military families have financial interests in telecom firms Need to update ICT Master Plan 2014-15 Lack of transparency around ICT focal points in other agencies Lack of coordination with MoE Lack of gender focal points USF strategy being developed with input from diverse stakeholder USF Working Group Mobile penetration of 83% means need now is last mile, hardest to reach Union Minister Dr Pe Myint Low capacity of administrative and infomediary staff on GDD MoI supports internet access and digital skills training at public libraries in partnership with Beyond Access Recent Master Plan for Public Libraries addresses GDD, and there are more than 7,000 Telecoms Law of 2013 has vague provisions that could be used to take over service providers or censor content. Telecoms Law used in Oct 2016 against online news outlet for Rohingya coverage Union Minister Dr Myo Thein Gyi Ministry of Education Recent MoE strategic planning documents (CESR and NESP 2016-2020) strongly support ICT integration and digital skills for teachers and students at all levels including TVET Director General, Department of Myanmar Education Dr. Khine Mye DAE has mandate for ICTs to meet needs of out-ofschool youth Low capacity of administrative and teaching staff on GDD Massive and countrywide capital, equipment, curricular, and training needs Gender norms create educational tracks that channel girls into less skilled, less remunerated jobs as consumers rather than producers of ICTs Director Dr. San San Aye Department of Social Welfare Mandate for women’s advancement Low capacity of administrative and training staff on GDD Responsible for NSPAW and CEDAW reporting Lack of NSPAW implementation plan Offers TVET courses for marginalized women No positioning power or budget Participates in UN/INGO/CSO efforts to include women in peace process No explicit focus on GDD Subnational State Entities State and Region Chief Ministers Appointed by President Varied incentives to close GDD, especially conflictaffected areas Strong incentive to support universal service coverage and rural electrification Low capacity of appointed and administrative staff on GDD All NLD, only 2 of 14 women 12.5% female MPs State and Region Hluttaws Control over funding for languages of instruction Low capacity of new MPs and their staff on GDD Decentralization underway Zero women as of 2017. Appointed by GAD Township Administrators Strong incentive to at least improve skills of own workforce as counter balance to increase in elected positions Low capacity of managerial and administrative staff on GDD Unclear role for this crucial link between village/wards and regional/state administrative bodies, e.g., for rolling out edtech reforms locally Ending the Gender Digital Divide in Myanmar: A Problem-Driven Political Economy Assessment | 98