The Platform Question: Power, Accountability and Global South
survey data was never disclosed. Instead, local authorities
uploaded only a partial list of “eligible vendors”, without
explaining the criteria for eligibility or the grounds for exclusion.
This violated the core provision of the Street Vendors Act, which
mandates that all existing vendors identified in the survey are
to be issued certificates of vending and accommodated in
vending zones. Out of 1,400 vendors surveyed in-situ across
Shillong, only 760 were arbitrarily deemed eligible. This was an
act of digital erasure that disenfranchised nearly 50% of those
who were officially documented.
The consequences have been immediate and devastating.
In Police Bazaar, one of Shillong’s oldest and most vibrant
heritage markets, nearly 100 hawkers, about a quarter of those
surveyed have already been evicted for not possessing vending
certificates, despite being recorded in the digital survey.
Similar patterns are emerging elsewhere, in Laitumkhrah, the
projections suggest that as many as 82% of surveyed vendors
risk eviction if this exclusionary model continues.
Street vendors,
already among
the most
precarious urban
workers, now
face new threats
to their survival,
mediated not
through the
visible apparatus
of state coercion
but through the
silent authority
of a database.
94
The administration has consistently invoked the “digital
sanctity” of the system to justify these exclusions, claiming
that errors are impossible because the survey was conducted
online. This faith in technological infallibility has enabled a
dangerous abdication of responsibility. There are no parallel
non-digital processes for claims, objections, or grievance
redressal effectively denying vendors the right to be heard, a
fundamental principle of natural justice. Instead of empowering
hawkers with a verifiable digital footprint, the system has
produced an opaque database that dictates their eligibility to
exist in public space. The outcome is a stark inversion of the
Act’s intent.
What was meant to protect livelihoods has instead become
an instrument of digital dispossession. Street vendors, already
among the most precarious urban workers, now face new
threats to their survival, mediated not through the visible
apparatus of state coercion but through the silent authority of
a database. The digital survey in Shillong exemplifies how the
language of transparency and efficiency can be weaponized
to obscure injustice, displace accountability, and erase entire
communities from the right to work with dignity.
Platformed Lives: Technology, Accountability, and the Reshaping of Everyday Work
The Platform Question: Power, Accountability and Global South
Platform-Based Gig Work:
The Illusion of Freedom
While the above examples illustrate the use of publicly-funded
IT systems to violate the letter of the law, digital platforms are
also being projected as enablers of autonomy and flexibility
as in the case of platform-based gig work. This is a digitallymediated work relationship touted to be a blessing for the
unemployed as it enables freedom, flexibility and choice to work
on one’s own terms. Sign in and take up a “gig” whenever you
like, and ‘get off’ the platform when you don’t wish to work. But
the truth could not be further. Platform aggregators frequently
perpetuate traditional mechanisms of labor exploitation once
the domain of contractors and factory owners, be it arbitrary
wage-cuts, withholding critical information or penalising
collective action. A vast, historically marginalized workforce
now encounters these familiar challenges through modern
veneers like application-based interfaces and performance
ratings.
Algorithms designed by platform aggregators enable them to
control and discipline workers, to ensure that they follow the
companies’ rules and cooperate with customers. They do so
in two key ways, “nudge” workers to perform actions that are
profitable for the company and use threats of suspension or
deactivation of workers’ accounts and penalties to prevent
workers from acting against the platform-companies’
protocols and policies. Documented evidence and protests
against algorithms designed to surveil, manipulate, inhibit
worker autonomy and control, build opaqueness, build in
bias and discrimination have started to emerge. In response,
the movement for gig worker rights has rightly focused on
demanding transparency and unveiling the realities concealed
by digital systems.
Conclusion: The Reconfiguration of Power
The above examples demonstrate how digital technologies
are being used to redraw lines of access and dignity between
the poor and the powerful. In each of these instances,
databases, algorithms, and digital platforms play a central role
Platform aggregators
frequently perpetuate
traditional
mechanisms of labor
exploitation once the
domain of contractors
and factory owners,
be it arbitrary wagecuts, withholding
critical information or
penalising collective
action.
Platformed Lives: Technology, Accountability, and the Reshaping of Everyday Work
95
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