2020 GLOBAL INVENTORY OF ORGANIZED SOCIAL MEDIA MANIPULATION consideration the number of government actors involved, the experiment with a wide variety of tools and strategies for sophistication of tools, the number of campaigns, the size and social media manipulation. Some medium-capacity teams permanency of teams, and budgets or expenditures made. We conduct influence operations abroad. Medium-capacity describe cyber troop capacity on a three-point scale: teams include: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, 1. Belarus, Bolivia, Brazil, Cambodia, Cuba, Czech Republic, High cyber troop capacity involves large numbers of Eritrea, Ethiopia, Georgia, Guatemala, Hungary, Indonesia, staff, and large budgetary expenditure on psychological Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, operations or information warfare. There might also be Malta, Mexico, Nigeria, North Korea, Poland, Rwanda, significant funds spent on research and development, as South Korea, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Thailand, well as evidence of a multitude of techniques being used. Turkey, and Yemen. These teams do not only operate during elections but involve full-time staff dedicated to shaping the information 2. 3. Low cyber troop capacity involves small teams that may space. High-capacity cyber troop teams focus on foreign be active during elections or referenda but stop activity and domestic operations. They might also dedicate funds to until the next election cycle. Low capacity teams tend to state-sponsored media for overt propaganda campaigns. experiment with only a few strategies, such as using bots to High-capacity teams include: Australia, China, Egypt, amplify disinformation. These teams operate domestically, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, with no operations abroad. Low capacity teams include: Russia, Saudi Arabia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Angola, Argentina, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Colombia, Costa Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, and Vietnam. Rica, Croatia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Honduras, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Netherlands, Medium cyber troop capacity involves teams that have Oman, Qatar, Republic of North Macedonia, Serbia, South a much more consistent form and strategy, involving Africa, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Tunisia, Uzbekistan, and full-time staff members who are employed year-round to Zimbabwe. control the information space. These medium-capacity teams often coordinate with multiple actor types, and TABLE 5 - CYBER TROOP CAPACITY HIGH CAPACITY Country Recent Activity Status Coordinated Cybertroop Team Resources Spent Coordination China Permanent Centralised Egypt Permanent Decentralised India Permanent Centralized Iran Permanent Centralised Iraq Permanent Somewhat Centralised Israel Permanent Centralised Myanmar Permanent Centralized Pakistan Permanent Decentralised Philippines Permanent Centralized Russia Permanent Centralized Saudi Arabia Permanent Centralised Ukraine Permanent Centralized United Arab Emirates Permanent Centralised United Kingdom Permanent Decentralised United States Permanent Decentralised Venezuela Permanent Centralized Permanent Somewhat Centralised Vietnam [ 18 ]