A/80/490 10. In the meantime, the international community has failed to come up with the funding required to address a deepening humanitarian crisis. In April 2025, the World Food Program was forced to cut food assistance to over one million people in Myanmar. Underfunding has led to the closure of at least 65 health care facilities serving over 200,000 people. As of September 2025, the UN’s baseline pre-earthquake humanitarian aid plan was only 12 percent funded. Without new funding, food assistance for more than one million Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh could end completely next year. 11. In Rakhine State, civilians are trapped in a vortex of violence and oppression. All parties to the conflict in Rakhine State—the military, Rohingya militants and the Arakan Army—have been accused of grave human rights abuses against the civilian population. More than 150,000 Rohingya fled to Bangladesh in 2024 and 2025. Ethnic Rakhine escaping escalating violence have also crossed the border. 12. In a rare piece of good news, the Government of Thailand responded to sweeping funding cuts by allowing residents of refugee camps along its border with Myanmar to work for Thai employers, providing a vital lifeline to a population affected by rations cuts. The interim government of Bangladesh has announced, however, that Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh will not similarly be allowed livelihood opportunities. Studies have shown refugees, when given the chance to work, contribute positively to local economies by filling labor gaps, creating businesses, and generating long-term growth benefits for host communities.1 13. International action to address the crisis in Myanmar has proven to be effective. It works. This fact underscores the Special Rapporteur’s frustration and deep concern with flagging support for coordinated international action on the crisis in Myanmar. 14. For much of the world, Myanmar, and refugees from Myanmar in neighboring countries, are out of sight, out of mind. 15. States have not built on the momentum created by the sanctioning of key juntacontrolled banks. They have not developed a coordinated plan to isolate the junta and constrain its ability to attack and oppress the people of Myanmar, including by increasing sanctions that deny the junta the weapons of war that it uses to attack civilians. States have failed to provide the level of resources necessary to avert a grave humanitarian catastrophe. With some notable exceptions, States have failed to adequately engage, support and empower the organizations and institutions that are building the foundation for a democratic and rightrespecting Myanmar. 16. Myanmar is at a critical juncture. Its people have demonstrated remarkable courage, resilience and determination to address a deepening crisis and realize a democratic, human rights respecting future for their children. To be successful, they need and deserve the support of the international community. 17. Why is the trajectory of international engagement and support moving downward, even as the crisis in Myanmar spikes upward? An inescapable factor is the political headwinds that are eroding support for human rights and decency around the world. These headwinds are being driven by the deployment of fear, grievance and xenophobia as political weapons. Myanmar offers a painful example of the consequence of these forces for people bearing the brunt of armed conflict, oppression and a deepening humanitarian crisis. 18. Reversing this downward trajectory will require a stronger level of support from the international community, which will in turn require a stronger level of public support for those governments and leaders who are committed to the rights, dignity and quality of life of all people. The case for human rights needs to be made in the face of a barrage of attacks 1 See, UNHCR, “The Economic Case for Welcoming Refugees,” March 2025, https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-03/the-economic-case-for-welcoming-refugees-factsheet.pdf; The World Bank, “Refugee Employment: Perspectives for Businesses, Policymakers, and Intermediaries,” 14 June 2024, https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/private-sector-forrefugees/brief/refugee-employment; Deloitte and UNHCR, “Analysis of the impact of refugees from Ukraine on the economy of Poland,” 2nd edition, June 2025, https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/116621. 4