Some of the domains that these pages shared were flagged by the ​Myanmar Press Council as copying content or photos from other news sources without attribution. For example, a ​statement from the council in August 2019 listed domains that included popinvdo[.]xyz and bamakhit[.]com, both of which were linked to by pages featured in this takedown. A second ​statement on the same matter in February 2020 included the domain razzwire[.]net, also linked to by takedown assets. Coordination Some of the assets Graphika investigated showed strong signs of coordination in the spam and clickbait content they posted on Facebook. This manifested mostly by sharing the same sets of pictures with the same text, or the same text with minor edits, or posting articles from a given website at the same time, with the exact same comment. Pages that belonged to different clusters showed some behavioral variation: for example, the pages in one cluster tended to share headlines verbatim, while the pages in a second cluster tended to add more varied comments. Shares of articles from thuta[.]org and shwewiki[.]com by multiple pages almost simultaneously. 6

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