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ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship 101. CamboJA, Journalists and environmental activists detained, beaten, (16 August 2022), available at: https://cambojanews.com/journalists-and-environmental-activists-detained-beaten/ 102. CambodJA, Cambodian Journalism Situation Report 2022, (19 January 2023), available at: https://www.camboja.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2022-Cambodian-Journalism-Situation-Report-EN.pdf 103. CambodJA, JOINT STATEMENT: END IMPUNITY FOR CRIMES AGAINST JOURNALISTS IN CAMBODIA, (2 November 2023), available at: https://www. camboja.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/JointStatement-End-impunity-for-crimes-against-journalists-in-Cambodia.pdf#:~:text=According%20to%20 the%20Cambodian%20Journalists%20Alliance%20 Association%20%28CamboJA%29%2C,judicial%20 harassment%2C%20and%20two%20were%20detained%20for%20questioning. 104. Voice of America, Far-Reaching Threats a Worry for Cambodian-American Journalist, (6 December 2023), available at: https://www.voanews.com/a/ far-reaching-threats-a-worry-for-cambodian-american-journalist/7387197.html 105. CambodJA, Cambodian Journalism Situation Report 2022, (19 January 2023), available at: https://www.camboja.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2022-Cambodian-Journalism-Situation-Report-EN.pdf 106. Oxford Internet Institute, Industrialized Disinformation 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation, (February 2021), available at: https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/ sites/127/2021/02/CyberTroop-Report20-Draft9.pdf 107. OONI, iMAP State of Internet Censorship Report 2022 - Cambodia, (23 December 2022), available at: https://ooni.org/post/2022-state-of-internet-censorship-cambodia/ 108. The Phnom Penh Post, Authorities take down gambling websites, (29 January 2022), available at: https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/authorities-take-down-gambling-websites 109. Freedom House, Freedom on the Net 2022: Cambodia, (n.d.), available at: https://freedomhouse.org/ country/cambodia/freedom-net/2022 110. Facebook Transparency Report, Content restrictions, (n.d.), available at: https://transparency.fb.com/ data/content-restrictions/country/KH/; Google Transparency Report, Government requests to remove content, (n.d.), available at: https://transparencyreport.google.com/government-removals/ overview?hl=en 68 111. Advox Global Voices, Cambodian Prime Minister quits Facebook after Oversight Board review, (3 July 2023), available at: https://advox.globalvoices.org/2023/07/03/cambodian-prime-minister-quits-facebook-after-oversight-board-review/ 112. Forum-Asia, [Media Lines] Cambodia: Cambodia: Meta Oversight Board’s call to suspend Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen’s Facebook and Instagram accounts can deter others from delivering hate speech, (30 June 2023), available at: https://forum-asia.org/?p=38382; Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Cambodia Declares Members Of Oversight Board To Meta Platforms Inc. As PERSONA NON GRATA, (4 July 2023), available at: https://www.information.gov.kh/articles/108478 113. TikTok Reports, Government Removal Requests Report, (n.d.), available at https://www.tiktok. com/transparency/en/government-removal-requests-2022-1/ 114. Meta Transparency Center, Content Restrictions Based on Local Law, (n.d.), available at: https:// transparency.fb.com/reports/content-restrictions/ country/; Tik Tok, Government requests to remove or restrict content or accounts, (n.d.), available at: https://www.tiktok.com/transparency/en/government-removal-requests-2023-1/ 115. Google Transparency Report, Government requests to remove content, (n.d.), available at: https://transparencyreport.google.com/government-removals/ government-requests/KH?hl=en&lu=country_request_amount&country_request_amount=period: 116. Surfshark, Report on Government Request for User Data, (n.d.), available at: https://surfshark.com/user-data-surveillance-report 117. Cambodian Center for Human Rights, Joint Statement: Civil Society Organizations call for the RGC to Amend the State of Emergency Law to Protect Human Rights, (13 May 2020), available at: https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/documents/ files/documents/CSOs_joint_statement.pdf 118. State of Emergency Law (2020), Article 5, available at: https://akp.gov.kh/post/detail/29564. 119. State of Emergency Law (2020), Articles 7, 8 -& 9, available at: https://akp.gov.kh/post/detail/29564. 120. Human Rights Watch, Cambodia: Scrap Abusive Covid-19 Prevention Bill, (5 March 2021), available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/03/05/cambodia-scrap-abusive-covid-19-prevention-bill#. Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia

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Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024

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Topic

Digital Rights
Digital Surveillance
Information Operation
Internet Restrictions

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MANUSHYA

Date Published: Mar 8, 2024

Abstract: Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024 Whether we like it or not, we are living through a pivotal moment for the future of human rights. This includes the issue of our digital rights, and the question of our online freedoms. In places like Southeast Asia, where the majority of its peoples are experiencing immense threats to their online and offline freedoms, at the hands of opportunistic governments and corporations, this is especially prevalent. The digital space has become an integral part of human life, and is still growing in its influence over our world. Accordingly, if our freedoms in the digital space are endangered, our freedoms overall are endangered as well.

It is understandable to feel powerless while possessing this knowledge. But it is not enough to just know about the forces acting against our human rights, and understand that they are dangerous. If we truly want to create a safer, more equitable, more liberated world - which we all know, deep down, is possible - we must understand these forces, and act accordingly. We must equip ourselves with knowledge about what governments, corporations, and other powers that be are doing, alongside demanding our rights to freedom. The powers that be have weaponised the online and digital space, as well as the law, against the people that these things are supposed to serve and protect. It is our right to protect ourselves with research, knowledge, advocacy, and the power of the people. When we understand the powers we are up against, fighting back will become less daunting.

This is what our report, titled Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia, is for. Join us in powering ourselves with knowledge, in order to compel ourselves to action!

As always, our work is rooted in decolonial, feminist, intersectional values, with historically marginalised people at the centre. Thus, this work was a collaboration between a coalition of groups oriented in these values: ALTSEAN-Burma, Cambodian Center for Human Rights, ELSAM, Free Expression Myanmar, Foundation for Media Alternatives, ILGA Asia, Manushya Foundation, The Rohingya Maìyafuìnor Collaborative Network, SAFEnet, Viet Tan, and Women’s Peace Network. What is the ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship? The ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship was established in 2020, by human rights and digital rights activists from Southeast Asia, on a mission to decolonize digital rights and restore our online democracies.

Together, we stand in solidarity with one another, with people from the Global Majority, resisting and pushing back against authoritarian governments and complicit tech companies.

We tell our realities from the ground, and we develop solutions together.

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Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024

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