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ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship 21. Human Rights Watch, Indonesia: New Criminal Code Disastrous for Rights, (8 December 2022), available at: https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/12/08/indonesia-new-criminal-code-disastrous-rights 22. Edelman Global Advisory, Indonesia’s Parliament Passes New Criminal Code Law (KUHP), (8 December 2022), available at: https://www.edelmanglobaladvisory.com/insights/Indonesias-Parliament-Passes-New-Criminal-Code-Law 23. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Indonesia: Stop judicial harassment of human rights defenders – UN expert, (26 November 2021), available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2021/11/indonesia-stop-judicial-harassment-human-rights-defenders-un-expert 24. Manushya Foundation, Indonesia’s New Criminal Code Is a Massive Threat to Human Rights, (9 December 2022), available at: https://www. manushyafoundation.org/post/indonesia-s-newcriminal-code-is-a-massive-threat-to-human-rights; Manushya Foundation, Joint Solidarity Statement: Indonesia: Stop Abusing Cyberlaw and Criminal Defamation to Harass Human Rights Defenders Fatia Maulidiyanti and Haris Azhar & to Stop Them from Speaking Truth to Power!, (21 September 2021), available at: https://www.manushyafoundation. org/joint-solidarity-statement-indonesia-stop-abusing-cyber-law-and-criminal-defamation; Manushya Foundation, Human Rights Defenders’ freedom of expression must be respected offline and online!, (9 February 2022), available at: https://www. manushyafoundation.org/post/human-rights-defenders-freedom-of-expression-must-be-respected-offline-and-online 25. SAFEnet, Revisi Kedua UU ITE: Masih Mempertahankan Pasal-Pasal Karet yang lama, Menambah Pasal Baru yang Sangat berbahaya, (4 January 2023), available at: https://safenet.or.id/id/2024/01/ revisi-kedua-uu-ite-masih-mempertahankan-pasal-pasal-karet-yang-lama-menambah-pasal-baru-yang-sangat-berbahaya/ 26. Carter Rack, Defamation and Privacy Law in Indonesia, (n.d), available at: https://www.carter-ruck.com/ law-guides/defamation-and-privacy-law-in-indonesia/ 27. Makarim & Taira S Counsellors at Law, Second Amendment to Indonesia’s ITE Law: What’s Changed?, (February 2024), available at: https:// www.makarim.com/news/second-amendment-toindonesia-s-ite-law-what-s-changed 28. Makarim & Taira S Counsellors at Law, Second Amendment to Indonesia’s ITE Law: What’s Changed?, (February 2024), available at: https:// Indonesia www.makarim.com/news/second-amendment-toindonesia-s-ite-law-what-s-changed 29. Law Number 1 of 2024, Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, available at: https:// peraturan.go.id/law; Amnesty Indonesia, Pernyataan sikap Koalisi Serius ITE terkait tuntutan pencemaran nama baik terhadap aktivis pembela HAM Fatia Maulidiyanti dan Haris Azhar, (16 November 2023), available at: https://www.amnesty.id/pernyataan-sikap-koalisi-serius-ite-terkait-tuntutan-pencemaran-nama-baik-terhadap-aktivis-pembela-ham-fatia-maulidiyanti-dan-haris-azhar/; Manushya Foundation, Joint Solidarity Statement: Unmasking Digital Oppression: Second Revisions to Indonesia’s EIT Law Fuelling Online Repression, (30 November 2023), available at: https://www.manushyafoundation.org/unmaskingdigitaloppression 30. Law Number 1 of 2024, Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, available at: https://peraturan.go.id/law 31. Law Number 1 of 2024, Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, available at: https://peraturan.go.id/law 32. Law Number 1 of 2024, Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, available at: https://peraturan.go.id/law; Manushya Foundation, JOINT SOLIDARITY STATEMENT Unmasking Digital Oppression: Second Revisions to Indonesia’s EIT Law Fuelling Online Repression, (30 November 2023), available at: https://www.manushyafoundation.org/unmaskingdigitaloppression 33. SAFEnet, Kasus Ibu Nuril, (30 July 2019), available at: https://safenet.or.id/id/2017/07/kasus-ibu-nuril/; Manushya Foundation, JOINT SOLIDARITY STATEMENT Unmasking Digital Oppression: Second Revisions to Indonesia’s EIT Law Fuelling Online Repression, (30 November 2023), available at: https://www.manushyafoundation.org/unmaskingdigitaloppression 34. BBC, Kasus Baiq Nuril: Perempuan yang dipidanakan karena merekam percakapan mesum akan ‘tagih amnesti’ ke Jokowi, (15 July 2019), available at: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-48878086.amp 35. United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, available at: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/cedaw.pdf 107

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Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024

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English

Topic

Digital Rights
Digital Surveillance
Information Operation
Internet Restrictions

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MANUSHYA

Date Published: Mar 8, 2024

Abstract: Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024 Whether we like it or not, we are living through a pivotal moment for the future of human rights. This includes the issue of our digital rights, and the question of our online freedoms. In places like Southeast Asia, where the majority of its peoples are experiencing immense threats to their online and offline freedoms, at the hands of opportunistic governments and corporations, this is especially prevalent. The digital space has become an integral part of human life, and is still growing in its influence over our world. Accordingly, if our freedoms in the digital space are endangered, our freedoms overall are endangered as well.

It is understandable to feel powerless while possessing this knowledge. But it is not enough to just know about the forces acting against our human rights, and understand that they are dangerous. If we truly want to create a safer, more equitable, more liberated world - which we all know, deep down, is possible - we must understand these forces, and act accordingly. We must equip ourselves with knowledge about what governments, corporations, and other powers that be are doing, alongside demanding our rights to freedom. The powers that be have weaponised the online and digital space, as well as the law, against the people that these things are supposed to serve and protect. It is our right to protect ourselves with research, knowledge, advocacy, and the power of the people. When we understand the powers we are up against, fighting back will become less daunting.

This is what our report, titled Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia, is for. Join us in powering ourselves with knowledge, in order to compel ourselves to action!

As always, our work is rooted in decolonial, feminist, intersectional values, with historically marginalised people at the centre. Thus, this work was a collaboration between a coalition of groups oriented in these values: ALTSEAN-Burma, Cambodian Center for Human Rights, ELSAM, Free Expression Myanmar, Foundation for Media Alternatives, ILGA Asia, Manushya Foundation, The Rohingya Maìyafuìnor Collaborative Network, SAFEnet, Viet Tan, and Women’s Peace Network. What is the ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship? The ASEAN Regional Coalition to #StopDigitalDictatorship was established in 2020, by human rights and digital rights activists from Southeast Asia, on a mission to decolonize digital rights and restore our online democracies.

Together, we stand in solidarity with one another, with people from the Global Majority, resisting and pushing back against authoritarian governments and complicit tech companies.

We tell our realities from the ground, and we develop solutions together.

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Dawn of Digital Dictatorship: Weaponizing the Law Against Online Speech in Southeast Asia March 2024

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