●​ Unknown: There is not sufficient evidence for the investigator to make a confident judgement. Myanmar Witness has also assigned confidence levels to responsible actors, including: ●​ Very High: Actors confess to the action, and Myanmar Witness has verified evidence of their involvement. ●​ High: Myanmar Witness is at least 80% confident of the actor’s involvement, without their admission. This may be based on factors such as an exclusive mechanism of attack (e.g. airstrike) or observed insignia, etc. ●​ Medium: Multiple sources suggest involvement, and some evidence from related User-Generated Content (UGC) supports this, but confidence is not complete. ●​ Low: Evidence suggests the alleged actor was not involved. ●​ Unknown: Insufficient evidence to confidently assess the actor’s involvement, and/or no allegations of a perpetrator exist. For the avoidance of doubt, this verification system only refers to Myanmar Witness’s ability to independently geolocate or chronolocate footage. Incidents marked as unverified may still be substantiated by multiple eyewitness reports. Myanmar Witness also collates and assesses unverified information, including claims on social media. This information is presented as claims, rather than verified facts. This report contains figures showing how footage has been geolocated. In these images, coloured lines are used to represent the left and right arcs of vision. Coloured boxes show corresponding landmarks or distinguishing details in each piece of footage or data. Geolocation is conducted using an array of open-source tools, such as Google Earth, to match satellite imagery with visual features identified in the footage or images. Geolocations are peer-reviewed. Chronolocation is conducted using metadata, contextual analysis, weather patterns, and shadow analysis. Through this, possible time frames are deduced. For example, by orienting geolocated content and identifying the sun’s position, time can be determined. Myanmar Witness follows rigorous ethical standards: obscuring identifying information about individuals involved; censoring private information and images where appropriate; blurring graphic imagery; removing links to private individual accounts; and archiving digital content securely. www.info-res.org​ ​ ​ www.myanmarwitness.org ​ ​ ​ ​​ ​​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 25