Methodology For a more detailed description of the survey methodology, see Annex 1. LIRNEasia conducted two consecutive nationally representative surveys in 2015 and 2016 to obtain comparable data on ICT use and information needs in Myanmar, post liberalization. The key differences between the two are highlighted in Table 1. Despite the differences in sample size and margins of errors, the results from the two nationally representative surveys are largely comparable. 2015 survey 2016 survey Fieldwork dates February – March 2015 June – August 2016 Sample age group 15-65 15-65 Sample size 8,400 7,204 Margin of error +/-2.5% +/-3% Table 1 : Key differences between 2015 and 2016 surveys The results can be disaggregated into administrative regions and states, geographic regions, urban versus rural locations, as well as by gender and age groups. The townships were set as Primary Sampling Units (PSU). Thirty-two of the 330 townships (from Kachin State, Kayah State, Kayin State, Chin State, Sagaing Region, Rakhine State and Yangon Region) are excluded from the PSU sampling frame due to inaccessibility and security concerns. according to the population size of the cities or townships. The three sub strata are big cities, other major cities and smaller townships. Once a household was selected, a Kish grid was used to select a respondent from each household for the individual-specific component of the questionnaire. Second level sub-strata: Urban and rural areas were selected within selected sample cities/townships. Information was gathered on the following topics; Stage 1: Selection of township • Household expenditure and income The data is stratified as follows: Stage 2: Selection of wards in urban areas and village tracts in rural areas in selected townships • Respondent’s characteristics Main strata: The country is divided into six geographic areas – Northern Hills, Eastern Hills, Middle Dry Zone, Lower Valley, Ayeyarwady Delta and Long Coast. First level sub-strata: The population is further subdivided into three sub strata Four-stage sampling was carried out to select households. The stages, briefly, are; Stage 3: Selection of clusters in specified wards/village tracts • Characteristics of household members • Housing and living status • ICT use • Information sources, needs and access • Perceived impact of ICTs Stage 4: Selection of households in selected cluster (segment) ICTs in Myanmar: 2016 17