AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES Samantha Bradshaw is a doctoral candidate at the Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, a researcher on the Computational Propaganda project, and a Senior Fellow at the Canadian International Council. Prior to joining the team, she worked at the Centre for International Governance Innovation in Waterloo, Canada, where she was a key member of a small team facilitating the Global Commission on Internet Governance. Samantha’s research has been featured in numerous media articles, including the Washington Post, the Financial Times and CNN. Samantha holds an MA in global governance from the Balsillie School of International Affairs, and a joint honors BA in political science and legal studies from the University of Waterloo. Philip N. Howard is Director of the Oxford Internet Institute, and a statutory Professor at Balliol College, Oxford. He writes about information politics and international affairs, and is the author of eight books, including The Managed Citizen, the Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, and Pax Technica: How the Internet of Things May Set Us Free or Lock Us Up. He has won multiple “best book” awards, and his research and commentary writing has been featured in the New York Times, Washington Post, and many international media outlets. Foreign Policy magazine named him a “Global Thinker” for 2017 and the National Democratic Institute awarded him their “Democracy Prize” for pioneering the social science of fake news. 25