Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 3
CHALLENGING TRUTH AND TRUST: SOCIAL MEDIA AND DEMOCRACY ................................4
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Political Parties and Disinformation During Elections........................................................... 5
Government Agencies Tasked with Combatting Fake News ................................................ 6
Disinformation on Chat Applications.................................................................................... 6
Current and Emerging Strategies for Social Media Manipulation ......................................... 6
The Growing Importance of the Influence Industry .............................................................. 7
REPORT METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 7
ORGANIZATIONAL FORM ..................................................................................................................... 9
STRATEGIES, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR SOCIAL MEDIA MANIPULATION ................................11
Messaging and Valence .................................................................................................................. 11
Communication Strategies ............................................................................................................. 12
ORGANIZATIONAL BUDGETS, BEHAVIOR AND CAPACITY ................................................................ 16
CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................... 21
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................ 23
SERIES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 24
AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES ....................................................................................................................... 25
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