cornerstone of Indonesia’s colonial policy, systematically stripping the land of its resources. Laws like the Omnibus Law drive this environmental degradation forward under the guise of development.127 A new report from the Consortium for Agrarian Reform (KPA) identifies that most of these conflicts are related to plantation companies and palm growers, which have been associated for a long time with land-grabbing and vast deforestation agendas in the country. In 2023, 91 people were subjected to physical violence, including being shot at, with nearly all of them being Indigenous people, farmers and activists.128 The privatization and liberalization of land, water, energy, and mineral deposits and the liberalization of mining, energy, and agriculture in Asia commodify natural resources to attract investments. These globalization policies have resulted in corporate ownership and control of these supposed public commons.129 In 2016, the Asian Development Bank highlighted that Southeast Asia is expected to experience more significant economic losses from climate change compared to many other regions globally.130 LAND DEALS ARE OFTEN JUSTIFIED AND LEGITIMIZED BY STATE ACTORS IN THE NAME OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION, JOB CREATION, MORE EFFICIENT AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES TO ADDRESS FOOD INSECURITY AND OTHER GOALS AROUND ENERGY AND CLIMATE. Land deals are often justified and legitimized by state actors in the name of poverty alleviation, job creation, more efficient agricultural practices to address food insecurity and other goals around energy and climate.131 In Myanmar, the previous regime outlined in its Master Plan for the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation that the government is seeking to attract foreign investors to convert 10 million acres of land occupied by smallholder farms into ‘productive’ and ‘efficient’ land “through 127 Klas Lundstrom. “In West Papua, the Birth of a Lost Generation.” The Diplomat. Published April 4, 2024. https:// thediplomat.com/2024/04/in-west-papua-the-birth-of-a-lost-generation/ 128 Ibid. 129 Bautista, C. & Yang-ed P. C. (2018). Op. cit. (Part 2 of 2). 130 Asian Development Bank. (2016). Southeast Asia and the Economics of Global Climate Stabilization. Asian Development Bank. https://www.adb.org/publications/southeast-asia-economics-global-climate-stabilization#:~:text=Southeast%20Asia%20is%20likely%20to,be%20larger%20than%20previously%20estimated 131 “Brot für die Welt. (n.d.). Land Policy Study. https://www.brot-fuer-die-welt.de/fileadmin/mediapool/2_Downloads/Fachinformationen/Analyse/Analysis_60_Land-Policy-Study.pdf” 41