fundamentalisms, as we have seen, thrive in contexts of economic
inequality and today’s actors are able to cause and sustain it, benefit
from it, and weaponize it.
And so, the idea that fascisms and fundamentalisms in the region are
“simply the way things have always been” prevents us from making
important observations that could aid the feminist movement’s action.
Not only that, it reinforces geopolitically biased, colonial ideas about
where ‘democracy’ is ‘natural’ and where it is not. These ideas often
favor the global North or the ‘West’, and so it is important for feminist
movements to point to the troubled history of democratic efforts at
governance across the world, where attempts at ‘democracy’ have
always faced challenges from fascist, fundamentalist and authoritarian
actors who rely on military interventions. This is compounded by the
reality that fascist and authoritarian elements have also, at times,
historically been embedded in ‘good’ governments, even during periods
of progress and within progressive, broadly democratic bodies.
Cross-regional feminist coordination, therefore, is urgently needed.
Many feminist actors in the region are already urgently engaging with
these intersecting crises, as we have illustrated throughout this paper.
It would also be helpful for Asian feminist movements to continue to
engage in coordination with other feminist movements across the globe.
For example, increasing their engagement with and contributions to
other global majority feminist analysis and scholarship, such as working
with the framework of ‘anti-gender and anti-democracy’ actors, largely
introduced into discourse by Latin American feminists. Such frameworks,
which help connect the dots between our crises and our regions, could
help pragmatically and politically unite feminist actors and actions.
This becomes ever more urgent, as growing numbers of influential
actors who identify as ‘feminists’ join the ranks of far-right, fascist
and fundamentalist movements.257 Such trends have forged a critical
conversation within feminist movements about ‘fascist feminism,’
examining how feminist agendas can be appropriated or adapted
towards fascist and anti-democratic agendas. Many feminist scholars
and researchers have already shown how fascist feminisms existed long
before the current trends towards the far-right. 258 The rise of fascist
257
Provost, C. & Whyte, L. (2018). Why are women joining far-right movements, and why are we so surprised?. OpenDemocracy. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/5050/women-far-right-movements-why-are-we-surprised/
258
Wolf, N. (2014). Fascism with a Feminist Face. Project Syndicate. https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/
naomi-wolf-examines-the-rise-of-women-to-leadership-positions-in-major-far-right-european-political-parties
71