However, as we’ve seen throughout this paper, while it’s helpful to
draw upon historical context to understand contemporary trends more
deeply, it also helps feminist movements to name some of the more
distinct characteristics of this present moment. One example is the
recent phenomenon of widespread attacks on trans and gender-diverse
communities coming not just from religious fundamentalist actors,
but from highly coordinated secular actors who work in the service of
‘women’s rights.’ This type of rhetoric has found landfall and is being
repurposed globally.
Another important facet is the increasing irrelevance of the ‘state’/‘nonstate’ binary. When examining the actors involved in the recent
widespread attempts at establishing fascist or fundamentalist influence
in South and Southeast Asia, we can see clearly that such a binary
would no longer be useful for our analysis. Growing political alliances
between mainstream political fascists and various fundamentalist actors
are extremely important to examine closely, as they have an enormous
impact on economic, social, and political realities.
Throughout the many examples presented in the report, we can see how
those who wield political influence and power over institutions, social
norms, and practices are no longer always tied to state institutions. For
example, we have shown how the military, unelected business leaders,
and/or unelected religious leaders wield great power over law, policy and
state decision-making, even going so far as to influence the judiciary at
times.
The extraordinary power assumed to be associated traditionally with the
‘state’ actor therefore must be challenged as an analytical framework in
this present moment, as we see the emergence of powerful actors who
are not explicitly in political power. What we see as an emerging trend are
how ‘state’ actors build close alliances with influential and provocative
‘non-state’ leaders and shield them from accountability, as well as
benefiting from their rhetoric.
A third important facet that invites further investigation, is the
characteristic of coordination between fascist and fundamentalist actors.
We have demonstrated different forms of coordination throughout the
course of this paper. We see at times that such coordination is intentional
and at other times less intentional (this second category could be
described as being in the realm of ‘influence’).
For example, in 2014 we saw an unprecedented example of such
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