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International Journal of Communication 13(2019) Extreme Speech in Myanmar 3221 Mozur, P. (2018, April 5). Groups in Myanmar fire back at Zuckerberg. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/05/technology/zuckerberg-facebook-myanmar.html “Muslims are dangerous”: Myanmar Buddhist monks threaten democracy with support for anti-Muslim laws. (2015, November 7). Washington Post. Retrieved from https://nationalpost.com/news/world/ muslims-are-dangerous-myanmar-buddhist-monks-threaten-democracy-with-support-for-antimuslim-laws Myanmar Rohingya: Facebook “still hosts hate speech.” (2018, August 15). BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-45196167 OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). (2014). OECD investment policy reviews: Myanmar. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/countries/myanmar/investment-policy-reform-inmyanmar.htm OHCHR (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights). (2018). Statement by Ms. Yanghee Lee, special rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar at the 37th session of the Human Rights Council. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/ DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22793&amp%3BLangID=E Paton, C. (1828). Historical and statistical sketch of Aracan. Asiatic Researches, 16, 353–381. Pidd, H. (2012, August 20). Burma ends advance press censorship. Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/aug/20/burma-ends-advance-press-censorship Radio Free Asia. (2012, July 12). Call to put Rohingya in refugee camps. Retrieved from https://www.rfa.org/english/news/rohingya-07122012185242.html Renshaw, C. (2013). Democratic transformation and regional institutions: The case of Myanmar and ASEAN. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 32(1), 29–54. Republic of the Union of Myanmar. (2008). Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Retrieved from http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs5/Myanmar_Constitution-2008-en.pdf Rohingya crisis: Myanmar postpones diplomats’ Rakhine visit. (2017, September 28). BBC. Retrieved from www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-41426480 Safi, M. (2017, September 7). Aung San Suu Kyi defends her handling of Myanmar violence. Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/07/aung-san-suu-kyi-defendshandling-myanmar-violence-rohingya

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Extreme Speech in Myanmar: The Role of State Media in the Rohingya Forced Migration Crisis

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English

Topic

Hate Speech
Rohingya Crisis

Author(s)

Ronan Lee

Date Published: Jul 24, 2018

Abstract: This article considers the role of the state authorities in perpetrating extreme speech and the processes by which state power is used in normalizing hateful expressions against minoritized communities. Drawing attention to Myanmar’s 2017 Rohingya crisis, a human rights and humanitarian catastrophe, the article examines how the state media publication, the Global New Light of Myanmar newspaper, has actively produced antiRohingya speech in its editions and influenced violent narratives about the Rohingya Muslims circulating on social media. It shows how official media contributed to a political environment where anti-Rohingya speech was made acceptable and where rights abuses against the group were excused. While regulators often consider the role of social media platforms like Facebook as conduits for the spread of extreme speech, this case study shows that extreme speech by state actors using state media ought to be similarly considered a major concern for scholarship and policy.

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Extreme Speech in Myanmar: The Role of State Media in the Rohingya Forced Migration Crisis

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