Technology, or Facebook in my case, involves a similar set of frames that you do not see or
are necessarily aware of, but they affect the conversation or the social event similarly as the
social norms the two strangers at the bus stop encounters. These socially produced frames
give the context of what is expected from a person, online or offline, and it is inside these
social frames that performed sociality unfolds. What is interesting in using Goffman´s
understanding of frames and front-stage and back-stage is that in his work, back-stage has a
smaller audience, if there is an audience at all. In this thesis, the back-stage can involve a big
audience but still, entail a similar function. Goffman´s work, therefore, inspires the thesis
itself, and it is addressed in both chapter 5 and 6.
Technology as Mediator
After presenting the approach of social media as a facilitator, something that becomes part of
our humanity, I will now present the approach closer to STS-studies and an understanding of
social media as a mediator. Turkle writes in her book, Alone Together – why we expect more
of technology and less from each other, which title serves as a central point itself, that
technology is seductive, especially when meeting our human vulnerabilities. Also, humans are
vulnerable; we are lonely, but at the same time, fearful of intimacy (Turkle, 2011, p. 1).
Turkle claims that the new technologies, such as social media, AI (artificial intelligence) and
robotics, come between people, reduce and mediate conversations and socialization and
function as a substitute for something real, and offer a machine-mediated relationship (Turkle,
2011, p. 3). She argues towards an approach that understands social media and new
technologies as something potentially disturbing and always meditating. Referring to the
journalist Nicholas Carr (Carr, 2010), who writes how the internet and new technology is
challenging long term memory. She argues that as we try to reclaim our conversation we are
literary at war with our self, and that we defend connectivity as a way to be close to each
other, even though that we simultaneously hide from each other (Turkle, 2011, pp. 281-296).
Turkle, therefore, focusing on mediation, distinguishes between online and offline, it is two
different places to operate.
Alex Lambert, a new media researcher, wrote the book Intimacy and Friendship on
Facebook. He writes that Facebook is something more than a thing; it is an assemblage of
protocols, software, interfaces, media content, contracts, marketing, public relations,
surveillance systems, bureaucracy, shareholders, users, and global and local cultures, and the
list goes on (Lambert, 2013, p. 1). It is a socio-technical system comprised not only by
machines, but also of human actors, regulations, social norms, and social structures (Benski &
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